6533b828fe1ef96bd12877e7

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Antioxidant Gene Expression

Susana NovellaConsuelo BorrásAna B. PaesCristina Mas-bargues

subject

chemistry.chemical_classificationmedicine.medical_specialtyAntioxidantmedicine.medical_treatmentGlutathione peroxidaseEstrogen receptorBiologyManganese Superoxide Dismutasechemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologychemistryInternal medicineGene expressionmedicinePhytoestrogensProtein kinase AReceptorhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists

description

Females live longer than males. This could be in part due to the higher levels of estrogens in females, which protect them against aging. Physiological concentrations of estrogens have antioxidant effects as they induce the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase by stimulating estrogen receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways. However, estrogens can have undesirable effects such as they are feminizing to males, so other alternatives need to be searched. Phytoestrogens are good candidates as they can also bind to estrogens receptors, and in fact, they are able to mimic the antioxidant properties of estrogens. It is very important to consider that the expression of estrogen receptors is not the same between sexes, organs or that their proportion changes with age. Depending on the organ studied, there are differences in the estrogen receptors involved in the beneficial effects of estrogens.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2020-01-01
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58677-5_16