6533b828fe1ef96bd1288294

RESEARCH PRODUCT

MEDIACIÓN PENAL EN ESPAÑA Y ALEMANIA, ENTRE LA DOGMÁTICA Y LA REALIDAD (Criminal Mediation in Spain and Germany, Between the Dogmatic and the Reality)

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Spanish Abstract: Abordar el estudio de la mediacion penal en Espana y Alemania requiere referirse a las falencias y dificultades que ambos ordenamientos presentaron en la incorporacion de la justicia restaurativa y con ella de la mediacion. Si bien es cierto que Alemania introdujo la mediacion penal en el ordenamiento juridico y lo hizo estructural y legislativamente de forma modelica en teoria, tras un debate doctrinal en torno a la justicia restaurativa y tras la implantacion de diversos proyectos-piloto, no existia una cultura consensual, y estas tecnicas resultaban ajenas a la cultura juridica alemana. Tampoco Espana ha sido proclive a la mediacion ni, en general, a los medios extrajurisdiccionales de conflictos hasta bien avanzado el Siglo XX, si bien estos han ido ganando terreno de forma sectorial y muy pausadamente. En el marco de la tutela penal ha sido la misma integracion en la dogmatica penal y la profusa metamorfosis de la Justicia las que han propiciado un verdadero cambio de paradigma de la Justicia. Una Justicia que no se asienta de forma monolitica1 tan solo en los tribunales de justicia y en el proceso judicial, sino que ofrece a la ciudadania una suerte de “multidoors” para acceder a la tutela efectiva. La mediacion penal es uno de los cauces de tutela que se presentan al ciudadano, una via complementaria, mas accesible, y con efectos favorables tanto para la victima como para el victimario, desde el reconocimiento mutuo –y tambien por el Estado- de su capacidad para consensuar. English Abstract: Addressing the study of criminal mediation in Spain and Germany requires to refer to the shortcomings and difficulties that both systems show as regards the incorporation of restorative justice and mediation in their legal solutions. While it is true that Germany introduced criminal mediation into the legal system and, at least in theory, it did so structurally and legislatively in a model-based way in the framework of a doctrinal debate about restorative justice and after the implementation of various pilot projects, there was no culture of consensus in criminal law, and these techniques were alien to German legal culture. Nor has Spain been prone to mediation or, in general, to extra-jurisdictional means of conflict in the criminal arena until well into the twentieth century, although they have been gaining ground sectorally in a very slowly way. But the idea of Justice is changing quickly and it is no longer akin to the traditional idea of "state courts" and to judicial process. Justice is more and more related to the idea of “multidoors” justice. In this debate, criminal mediation is one of the channels of guardianship that are presented to the citizen, a complementary way, more accessible, and with favorable effects for both the victim and the offender, from the mutual recognition - and also by the State - of their capacity to agree.