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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Can the effects of gender, menopause and ageing on lipid levels be differentiated?
Dimitri P. MikhailidisMaciej BanachDragana NikolicManfredi Rizzosubject
Agingmedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismDisease030204 cardiovascular system & hematologySystemic inflammation03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineEndocrinologyInternal medicinemedicineHumans030212 general & internal medicineEndothelial dysfunctionbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseLipidsObesityMenopauseEndocrinologychemistryAgeingLow-density lipoproteinFemaleMenopausemedicine.symptombusinessLipoproteindescription
The menopause, as well as ageing in both genders, can influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk1. An atherogenic lipoprotein profile, including small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles, can be present even in normolipidaemic healthy young individuals (about 6%)2. If confirmed by larger studies, it will be necessary to consider different risk stratifications for those with atherogenic normolipidaemia and those with non-atherogenic hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, other changes associated with the menopause (increase in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels, central obesity, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation) may contribute to pro-atherogenic changes, while ethnicity and lifestyle habits (diet and exercise) cannot be ignored3. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-07-12 | Clinical Endocrinology |