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RESEARCH PRODUCT

The influence of industrial emissions of zinc plant on the properties of chernozem soil.

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East Kazakhstan is a storehouse of ore raw materials. Here the main ore-mining industrial objects are concentrated. Most of these deposits and ore deposits are characterized by polymetallic and substantially lead-zinc ore composition. When developing ore deposits, the soil-vegetation cover of the territories is disturbed, and sometimes their complete destruction occurs. On the investigated object leached and podzolized chernozems are widespread. The study of the soil cover at the territories adjacent to the zinc plant showed a negative impact of the plant's emissions on the soil and vegetation cover. Thus, where there is a major outflow from the wind rose, there are manifestations of deep erosion processes. The main release is actively manifested in a radius of 2 km., but the effect takes place at a distance of 10-20 km. The soil cover adjacent to the zinc plant of the territory is devoid of vegetation and subjected to erosion processes. Raws, grooves, aryks were formed, continuous washing of the upper layers of the chernozem soil into the river goes on. Studies of physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological properties of soil have shown a negative impact of plant emissions on the main parameters of soil fertility. Thus, the granulometric composition changes due to the accumulation of fine silty-silt fractions and a more compact, washable illuvial horizon is formed. The volumetric mass of degraded contaminated soils is higher than in chernozem soils of undisturbed landscapes. Emissions of heavy metal plant destroys the composition of organic acids, which, accordingly, affects the aggregate state. Absorbed calcium is expelled, aggregates are destroyed and condensation occurs, especially in the upper horizon. The content of common humus in undisturbed landscapes in the upper horizon is 6.7%. The leached chernozem eroded with a partial rinse of the humus horizon loses up to 20% of humus and contains 4.9%. Heavy metals in the soil exceed the MPC in two to ten times. The main pollutants are zinc, lead, copper. Pollution affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil biota.