6533b829fe1ef96bd128acc4
RESEARCH PRODUCT
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4: From chronic kidney disease to cardiovascular impairment
Scarfia VrClaudio RoncoAnna ClementiAntonio GranataLuca ZanoliAlessandra BroccaMassimo De CalCorrao SalvatoreGrazia Maria VirzìLorenzo Malatinosubject
medicine.medical_specialty030232 urology & nephrologyRenal functionCardiorenal syndromeDisease030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyurologic and male genital diseasesLeft ventricular hypertrophyAtherosclerosis; Cardiorenal syndrome type 4; Cardiovascular risk; Chronic kidney disease; Hypertension; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Atherosclerosis; Cardio-Renal Syndrome; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy Left Ventricular; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency Chronic; Risk Factors; Internal Medicine03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRenal DialysisRisk FactorsInternal medicineChronic kidney diseaseCardiorenal syndrome type 4medicineInternal MedicineHumansIn patientRenal InsufficiencyRenal Insufficiency ChronicRisk factorChronicIntensive care medicineCardio-Renal Syndromebusiness.industryLeft ventricular hypertrophyHypertrophymedicine.diseaseAtherosclerosisCardiovascular riskAtherosclerosis; Cardiorenal syndrome type 4; Cardiovascular riskLeft VentricularRenocardiac SyndromeAtherosclerosiHypertensionCardiologyDisease ProgressionHypertrophy Left VentricularbusinessKidney diseasedescription
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4), or chronic renocardiac syndrome, has been defined as "chronic abnormalities in renal function leading to cardiac disease" and recognizes the extreme burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is common and increasingly recognized as a risk factor for CVD. Even though the treatment for CVD has dramatically improved over the past decades, it still takes responsibility for up to 50% of deaths in CKD patients. For this reason, patients with CKD should be thoroughly evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors that require careful management, given the significant burden of CRS type 4 on the healthcare system. This review focuses on the most significant conventional and non-conventional CVD risk factors related to CKD.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-01-01 |