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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Sexual Exploitation from Origin Countries to Destination Countries

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Human trafficking tends to follow a pattern of phases, such as recruitment, transfer, exploitation, protection, and sometimes re-trafficking. This chapter gives the opportunity for the reader to understand the influence of several factors within human trafficking at a geographical level, from the origin and transit country to the destination country, as well as at a cultural, social, and criminological level. All factors are considered according to victim nationality, in this case Romanian and Nigerian, including the vulnerable factors created by the criminal groups. In this chapter, the difference of citizenship between Nigerian women, who are third-country nationals, and Romanian women, who are citizens of a Member State of the European Union, is remarked upon, considering the means of travel of both nationalities and the relevance of the transit countries. In fact, contrary to Romanian women, who now arrive in the destination country directly by plane, the exploitation of Nigerian women already starts in the transit countries. Therefore, this chapter focuses predominantly on the experience of Nigerian women and the overlap between the recruitment, transfer, and exploitation phases. Consequently, this overlap triggers considerable repercussions in the women’s lives, especially regarding reproduction rights, pregnancy, and motherhood.