External and internal elimination of supernumerary larvae in the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

6533b82cfe1ef96bd128f689

RESEARCH PRODUCT

External and internal elimination of supernumerary larvae in the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Carmen I. Castillo Carrillo P.w. De Jong Virgilio Caleca J.c. Van Lenteren V. Lo Verde V. Lo Verde Hans M. Smid

subject

animal structures biological-control agents Homoptera Zoology Hymenoptera Whitefly thelytocous eretmocerus life-history parameters Parasitoid bemisia-tabaci Aphelinidae interspecific host discrimination Laboratory of Entomology parthenogenesis Encarsia formosa Larva biology Bemisia argentifolii attacco fisico eliminazione di larve sopranumerarie Wolbachia superparassitismo Ecology fungi wasps biology.organism_classification PE&RC Laboratorium voor Entomologie Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata aleyrodidae Insect Science Instar encarsia-formosa Agronomy and Crop Science competition

description

Abstract The solitary parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is one of the key biological control agents of the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, also known as B. tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). We present new information on its biology, and particularly about larval elimination during the first instar in cases of superparasitism. For the first time, physical elimination of supernumerary larvae was observed, both outside and inside the host. These findings are documented with confocal microscopy images and video recordings. We observed more than 350 B. argentifolii nymphs, parasitized with one, two or more than two larvae. Physical attack took place only when parasitoid eggs were laid in contact with each other. In this case the percentage larval mortality outside the host was significantly higher (45.7%) than in cases of single larvae (12.0%) or larvae hatched under the same host but not in contact with each other (23.3%). These new findings are important in view of a possible horizontal transfer of a parthenogenesis inducing Wolbachia bacterium from a thelytokous to an arrhenotokous strain, with the aim of augmenting the biological control of B. argentifolii.

year	journal	country	edition	language
2008-09-01

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.05.013 https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/external-and-internal-elimination-of-supernumerary-larvae-in-the-