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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Politique de recrutement des enseignants non fonctionnaires et qualité de l'éducation de base au Sénégal : quels enseignements vers l'Education Pour Tous (EPT)?

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In the early 1990s, like in many other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal was also facing a decrease in the gross school enrolment ratio (GER). Despite the numerous measures taken for increasing GER at lower cost (creation of double shift classes, strengthening of multi-grade classes, creation of training schools which train teachers curriculum in one year instead of four as previously, increased recruitment of assistant teachers, etc.), this decline continued until 1994. In order to reverse this downward trend, the government recruited non-civil servant teachers (education volunteers and contract teachers). Compared to their tenured colleagues, these "new teachers" received a short duration professional training and employed under less favorable conditions (without tenure and other social advantages). Moreover, the wages they earn are considerably lower than those in the public services. These conditions lead to low motivation and significant deficiencies of skills, and consequently imply a negative impact on the quality of education. After relocating the current issues of Senegalese school, in this thesis we evaluate the impact of the contractual teachers‟ recruitment policy on the quality of primary education by using data from PASEC surveys that was conducted in school year 2006/2007 and by applying the quasi-experimental impact method. In this study, the empirical difficulty of evaluating the impact lies in estimating the counterfactual. Indeed, it is not possible to observe each student of a class taught by “non-civil servant teachers” in a situation where the student was a member a class ruled by a civil servant teacher. To avoid this difficulty, we use the matched observational techniques proposed by Rubin (1974). Our results show in the second grade, civil servants are more effective than contract teachers in transmitting knowledge to students. On the other hand for the fifth grade, contract teachers are more efficient for pupil‟s results. The performance of volunteer teachers is not significantly different from the civil servant teachers at both educational levels.