6533b82efe1ef96bd1292640

RESEARCH PRODUCT

La destrucción de la modernidad republicana. (Sin)razones del exilio pedagógico español

subject

description

espanolEste texto expone los motivos que empujaron al exilio —exterior e interior— a millares de maestros, inspectores, profesores y cientificos espanoles, prestando especial atencion al llamado «exilio pedagogico». Los docentes e investigadores afines a la Republica se sintieron condenados y amenazados por los insurgentes por aunar una triple identidad: la de republicanos (el enemigo absoluto, «encarnacion del mal»), la de intelectuales (extranjerizantes y «envenenadores del alma popular»), y la de maestros («traidores a la patria», laicos y propagadores del credo republicano). A esta triple identidad, motivo —sinrazon— de exilio, se anaden dos causas —sinrazones— mas de enorme importancia en la decision de abandonar su tierra, su casa y su patria: el compromiso con la modernizacion de Espana —lo autenticamente sustancial para la mecanica represiva franquista— y la imposibilidad de formar parte de la pedagogia de la nueva Espana, que se fija como objetivo desmantelar la educacion republicana y construir otra nueva fundamentada en los denominados «antitopicos» de la educacion franquista que se expresa en la segunda parte del binomio (publica/privada; universal/de selectos; laica/catolica; pacifista/combatiente; del placer/del sacrificio; de la espontaneidad/disciplinaria, etc.). El resultado del exilio y de la sustitucion de un pensamiento filosofico y pedagogico por otro «nuevo» es conocido: la destruccion de la moderna pedagogia espanola. EnglishThis text exposes the reasons that pushed thousands of Spanish teachers, inspectors, professors and scientists into internal and external exile, paying special attention to the so-called «pedagogical exile». Teachers and researchers sympathetic to the Republic felt condemned and threatened by the insurgents for combining a triple identity: that of republicans (the absolute enemy, «incarnation of evil»), that of intellectuals (foreigners and «poisoners of the popular soul»), and that of teachers («traitors to the fatherland», laymen and propagators of the republican creed). To this triple identity, unreasonable motive of exile, two more crucial factors influenced their decision to leave their land, their home and their homeland: their commitment to the modernization of Spain —the primary object of the Francoist repressive mechanics— and the impossibility of being part of the pedagogy of the new Spain, which assumed as its principal objective the dismantling of republican education and the construction of a new one. This new education was to be based on the so-called «antithesis» represented by Francoist education, expressed in the second part of the binomials (public / private; universal / selected; lay / catholic; pacifist / combatant; pleasure / sacrifice; spontaneity / disciplinary; etc.) The result of exile and the substitution of one philosophical and pedagogical thought for another «new» one, is well known: the destruction of modern Spanish pedagogy