Science and Healthy Meals in the World: Nutritional Epigenomics and Nutrigenetics of the Mediterranean Diet

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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Science and Healthy Meals in the World: Nutritional Epigenomics and Nutrigenetics of the Mediterranean Diet

Fabio Caradonna Carla Gentile Ornella Consiglio Claudio Luparello

subject

Epigenomics Male 0301 basic medicine Intangible cultural heritage Mediterranean diet Health Status Gene Expression lcsh:TX341-641 030209 endocrinology & metabolism Review nutrigenomic Health benefits Biology Diet Mediterranean Xanthine Antioxidants Nutrigenetics Eating 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine nutrigenomics Isothiocyanates Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica Mediterranean diet Environmental health Humans Food components Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia nutrigenetics Epigenomics 030109 nutrition & dietetics Nutrition and Dietetics Cooking methods Phenylethyl Alcohol MicroRNAs Settore BIO/18 - Genetica Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetic Sulfoxides Female Diet Healthy lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Food Analysis Food Science

description

The Mediterranean Diet (MD), UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, has become a scientific topic of high interest due to its health benefits. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies that report nutrigenomic or nutrigenetic data and recapitulate some of the biochemical/genomic/genetic aspects involved in the positive health effects of the MD. These include (i) the antioxidative potential of its constituents with protective effects against several diseases; (ii) the epigenetic and epigenomic effects exerted by food components, such as Indacaxanthin, Sulforaphane, and 3-Hydroxytyrosol among others, and their involvement in the modulation of miRNA expression; (iii) the existence of predisposing or protective human genotypes due to allelic diversities and the impact of the MD on disease risk. A part of the review is dedicated to the nutrigenomic effects of the main cooking methods used in the MD and also to a comparative analysis of the nutrigenomic properties of the MD and other diet regimens and non-MD-related aliments. Taking all the data into account, the traditional MD emerges as a diet with a high antioxidant and nutrigenomic modulation power, which is an example of the “Environment-Livings-Environment” relationship and an excellent patchwork of interconnected biological actions working toward human health.

year	journal	country	edition	language
2020-06-01	Nutrients

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061748