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RESEARCH PRODUCT

The Oculo-auricular Phenomenon in Brain-Stem Disease

H. C. HopfP. P. Urban

subject

AuricleFacial NucleusFacial motor nucleusbusiness.industryAnatomyMedial longitudinal fasciculusCoactivationstomatognathic diseasesEar musclemedicine.anatomical_structurePosterior auricular muscleotorhinolaryngologic diseasesmedicinesense organsbusinessBrain stem disease

description

The oculo-auricular phenomenon (OAP), as described by Wilson in 1908 [26], consists of bilateral coactivation of external ear muscles during lateral gaze. Two ear muscles are innervated by motoneurons of the medial part of the facial nucleus [9, 25]: the transverse auricular muscle (TAM) (Fig. 1), which adducts and curls the helix of the auricle, and the posterior auricular muscle (Fig. 2), which moves the whole auricle backwards [3, 16, 22].

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
1993-01-01
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78172-8_17