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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Mécanismes de résistance à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL dans les cellules cancéreuses : restauration de la sensibiltié à TRAIL par la chimiothérapie conventionnelle ou par un polyphénol, la quercétine

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The TNF-family member TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a cytokine involved in immune anti-tumour surveillance. TRAIL is one of the most promising agents currently under investigation, as it exhibits efficient anti-cancer cytotoxicity with limited side effects on healthy cells. The problem in current cancer therapy is that some cancer cells are already resistant, or can become resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. The aim of my thesis was to study the mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL, and to find a way to bypass it. First, we were interested in the TRAIL-R4 antagonistic receptor, which is known to bind TRAIL without inducing a death signal. We have demonstrated for the first time that TRAIL-R4 is able to induce intracellular signalling that mediates cell survival and proliferation in the cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. However, these resistant cells could be sensitized to TRAIL by a pretreatment with standard chemotherapy (cisplatinum, etoposide or 5-FU). This chemo-sensitization does not require the mitochondrial loop of apoptosis, but is accompanied by an enhancement of caspase-8 recruitment and activation within the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). Next, our interest focused on aggressive non Hodgkin B-lymphomas. These lymphomas are highly resistant to TRAIL because of a defect in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and through the expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and survivin antiapoptotic proteins. My objective was to elucidate a strategy to restore TRAIL-sensitivity in these lymphomas. In this context, we assessed the use of quercetin, a polyphenolic compound derived from plants. Our results showed that the combination of TRAIL with quercetin efficiently killed these lymphomas in a synergistic fashion. The molecular mechanisms of the synergy include the activation of the mitochondrial pathway, and the inhibition of Mcl-1 and survivin. Taken together, these results are promising for the future use of TRAIL as a combined therapy against cancer.