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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Conséquences d'un régime diabétogène enrichi en fructose sur la muqueuse olfactive : aspects anatomiques, fonctionnels et comportementaux

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description

The influence of metabolic status on olfactory processes has been thoroughly investigated over the last few years. Both nutritional status and hormones implicated in food metabolism can effectively modulate the olfactory system from the single neuron to the behavior. Thus, it seems likely that metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) can induce olfactory dysfunctions. In fact T2D patients display poor olfactory performances however the effects of diabetes in itself (as well as underlying mechanisms) are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the modulation of olfaction in young adult male mice caused by a high-fructose diet (HFruD) inducing T2D in rodents. Animals displayed early diabetic state after only 4 weeks of HFruD. In addition, animals exhibited a decrease in olfactory capacities for both neutral and food odors. These behavioral effects persisted and were amplified after 8 weeks of HFruD. Electrophysiological responses to odorants of both olfactory mucosa and olfactory sensory neurons were reduced in HFruD animals after 8 weeks of diet. Immunohistochemistry experiments then revealed an increase in the number of olfactory sensory neurons and a reduction of apoptosis in the OM indicating that HFruD modifies cell dynamics. Our results demonstrate that, in rodents, olfaction is modified by HFruD-induced diabetes. Functional, anatomical and behavioral changes occurred in the olfactory system even at a very early stage of the disease, indicating that T2D in itself can disrupt olfaction. Metabolic changes taking place during the onset of T2D may trigger olfactory dysfunctions.