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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Noninvasive methods for the detection of upper and lower airway inflammation in atopic children
Antonio M. VignolaGiovanni BonsignoreJean BousquetLoredana RiccobonoMirella ProfitaMark GjomarkajElisabetta PaceRossana Di GiorgiAnna BonannoStefania La GruttaElisiana Carpagnanosubject
MaleAllergyRhinitis Allergic PerennialAdolescentImmunologyBronchitiNitric OxideDermatitis AtopicAtopymedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansExhaled breath condensateExpirationBronchitisChildInflammation MediatorAsthmabusiness.industryMouth MucosaRhinitis Allergic SeasonalAtopic dermatitisDermatitis Atopic; Mouth Mucosa; Exhalation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Asthma; Child; Nitric Oxide; Rhinitis Allergic Perennial; Rhinitis Allergic Seasonal; Interleukin-5; Nasal Mucosa; Inflammation Mediators; Bronchitis; Adolescent; Female; MaleHydrogen-Ion Concentrationmedicine.diseaseAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesNasal Mucosamedicine.anatomical_structureExhalationImmunologyExhaled nitric oxideFemaleInflammation MediatorsInterleukin-5businessRespiratory tractHumandescription
Background Exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are noninvasive methods to assess inflammation. Objective To investigate the role of the FE NO and of the EBC pH and IL-5 levels in atopic children. Methods We evaluated oral and nasal FE NO and the pH and IL-5 of oral and nasal EBC in children with atopic dermatitis (AD; n=18), allergic rhinitis (AR; n=18), intermittent asthma (n = 21), moderate persistent asthma (n = 18), and healthy controls (HCs; n=16). Results Oral FE NO was significantly increased in asthma, whereas the nasal values were increased in AR and asthma in comparison with HCs. The pH of oral EBC was lower in AD and asthma than in AR and HCs, whereas the nasal levels were lower in AD, AR, and asthma than in HCs. The oral IL-5 was higher in AD, AR, and asthma in comparison with HCs, whereas the nasal IL-5 concentrations were higher in asthma and AR than in HCs. In AR, the nasal FE NO correlated with the IL-5 values and with the disease duration. In intermittent asthma, oral and nasal pH inversely correlated with the exacerbations, whereas in moderate asthma, the nasal IL-5 positively correlated with exacerbations. In AD, the oral and nasal IL-5 positively correlated with the serum IgE. Conclusion These markers of nasal and bronchial inflammation, accessible with noninvasive techniques, might be useful to identify patients with uncontrolled diseases and to verify the usefulness of new therapeutic approaches. Clinical implications These markers are useful tools to monitor the upper and lower airway inflammation in atopic children.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006-11-01 |