6533b856fe1ef96bd12b2f4a

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Land Surface Temperature

subject

description

Abstract An introduction to the chapter on Land Surface Temperature (LST). The basic thermal infrared theory is presented with example algorithms for the retrieval of LST and emissivity data are described in the later section. Various methods to validate satellite Land Surface Temperature (LST) products exist, but the most accurate and conclusive method is the direct comparison against in situ LST obtained from spatially representative radiance measurements over homogeneous sites. Some validation results and insights found in the literature are provided and the determination of in situ emissivity and LST with thermal infrared field radiometers is explained. The chapter concludes with an example of satellite LST product validation over a rice paddy in Spain and a study of spatial representativeness performed during an international field intercomparison experiment in the Namib desert. The capabilities and features of LST satellite instruments, their availability, and data formats are described in the later section. A thermodynamic paradigm for studying disease vector's habitats and life cycles using NASA's remote sensing data is being proposed. NASA's current and planned satellite missions provide measurements of the critical environmental measures important to vector and disease life cycles such as precipitation, soil moisture, temperature, vapor pressure deficits, wet/dry edges, and solar radiation. Satellite data provide landscape scale process functions represented by land use/cover mapping and actual measurements of ecological functions/structure: canopy cover, species, phenology, and aquatic plant coverage. These measurements are taken in a spatial context and provide a time series of data to track changes in time. Global public health is entering a new informational age through the use of spatial models of disease vector/host ecologies driven by the use of remotely sensed data to measure environmental and structural factors critical in determining disease vector habitats, distributions, life cycles, and host interactions. The vector habitat microclimates can be quantified in terms of the surface energy budget measured by satellites. The epidemiological equations (processes) can be adapted and modified to explicitly incorporate environmental factors and interfaces required by a specific disease and its vector/host cycle. Remote sensing can be used to measure or evaluate or estimate both environment (state functions) and interface (process functions). It is critical that the products of remote sensing must be expressed in a way they can be integrated directly into the epidemiological equations.