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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Runoff initiation, soil detachment and connectivity are enhanced as a consequence of vineyards plantations.

Antonio Giménez-moreraMaría Fernández-ragaAntonio JordánArtemi CerdàPaulo PereiraManuel PulidoAgata NovaraJesús Rodrigo-cominoS. Di PrimaErik BrevikSaskia KeesstraSaskia Keesstra

subject

Environmental EngineeringFarmsDetachmentWater flowRain010501 environmental sciencesManagement Monitoring Policy and Law01 natural sciencesSedimentsSoilErosionConnectivityWaterSedimentsDetachmentRainfall simulationWater MovementsVitisWaste Management and Disposal0105 earth and related environmental sciences2. Zero hungerHydrologyGeografia agrícolaConnectivitySoil organic matterWaterSedimentAgricultureCOMERCIALIZACION E INVESTIGACION DE MERCADOS04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesGeneral MedicineBodemfysica en Landbeheer15. Life on landPE&RCSettore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni ErbaceeSoil Physics and Land ManagementInfiltration (hydrology)ErosionSoil waterRainfall simulation040103 agronomy & agricultureErosion0401 agriculture forestry and fisheriesEnvironmental scienceSurface runoffSoil conservation

description

[EN] Rainfall-induced soil erosion is a major threat, especially in agricultural soils. In the Mediterranean belt, vineyards are affected by high soil loss rates, leading to land degradation. Plantation of new vines is carried out after deep ploughing, use of heavy machinery, wheel traffic, and trampling. Those works result in soil physical properties changes and contribute to enhanced runoff rates and increased soil erosion rates. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the plantation of vineyards on soil hydrological and erosional response under low frequency - high magnitude rainfall events, the ones that under the Mediterranean climatic conditions trigger extreme soil erosion rates. We determined time to ponding, Tp; time to runoff, Tr; time to runoff outlet, Tro; runoff rate, and soil loss under simulated rainfall (55 mm h(-1), 1 h) at plot scale (0.25 m(2)) to characterize the runoff initiation and sediment detachment. In recent vine plantations (50 years; O). Slope gradient, rock fragment cover, soil surface roughness, bulk density, soil organic matter content, soil water content and plant cover were determined. Plantation of new vineyards largely impacted runoff rates and soil erosion risk at plot scale in the short term. Tp, Tr and Tro were much shorter in R plots. Tr-Tp and Tro-Tr periods were used as connectivity indexes of water flow, and decreased to 77.5 and 33.2% in R plots compared to O plots. Runoff coefficients increased significantly from O (42.94%) to R plots (71.92%) and soil losses were approximately one order of magnitude lower (1.8 and 12.6 Mg ha(-1) h(-1) for O and R plots respectively). Soil surface roughness and bulk density are two key factors that determine the increase in connectivity of flows and sediments in recently planted vineyards. Our results confirm that plantation of new vineyards strongly contributes to runoff initiation and sediment detachment, and those findings confirms that soil erosion control strategies should be applied immediately after or during the plantation of vines. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.036https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28735211