6533b85bfe1ef96bd12bb6a3
RESEARCH PRODUCT
The Love of Money and Pay Level Satisfaction: Measurement and Functional Equivalence in 29 Geopolitical Entities around the World
Thompson S. H. TeoMahfooz A. AnsariJohnsto E. OsagiePeter VlerickLinzhi DuAahad M. Osman-ganiAbdulgawi Salim AlzubaidiLuigina CanovaIlya GarberRandy K. ChiuToto SutarsoHoria D. PitariuBor-shiuan ChengAnthony Ugochukwu Obiajulu NnedumRuja PholswardAnna Maria ManganelliRosario Correia HiggsCaroline UrbainRoberto Luna ArocasChin Kang JenVivien K. G. LimFernando Arias-galiciaMarco TombolaniAlice S. MoreiraAllen F. StembridgeAli Mahdi KazemThomas Li-ping TangÉVa MálovicsMichael W. AllenAbdul Hamid Safwat IbrahimTheresa Li-na TangAdebowale AkandeConsuelo García De La TorreBrigitte Charles-pauversFrancisco José Costa PereiraElisaveta SardzoskaKilsun KimMarko PoličMartina TronteljMark G. BorgPetar Skobicsubject
Strategy and Managementcross-cultural empirical researchfunctional equivalencethe love of moneypay level satisfactionmeasurement invariancethe love of money; pay level satisfaction; measurement invariance; functional equivalence; cross-cultural empirical researchEmpirical researchStatisticsEconomicsEconometricsFunctional equivalenceMeasurement invarianceBusiness and International ManagementCommon-method varianceEquivalence (measure theory)description
Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for cross-cultural empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied the same procedures to the PLSS and nine samples achieved measurement invariance. Five samples (Brazil, China, South Africa, Spain and the USA) passed the measurement invariance criteria for both measures. In step 3, we found that for these two measures, common method variance was non-significant. In step 4, we tested the functional equivalence between the Love of Money Scale and Pay Level Satisfaction Scale. We achieved functional equivalence for these two scales in all five samples. The results of this study suggest the critical importance of evaluating and establishing measurement equivalence in cross-cultural studies. Suggestions for remedying measurement non-equivalence are offered.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006-11-01 | Management and Organization Review |