6533b85dfe1ef96bd12bf20d
RESEARCH PRODUCT
“From Savage to Sublime (And Partway Back): Indians and Antiquity in Early Nineteenth-Century American Literature”
Mark Niemeyersubject
Historylcsh:E11-143[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literaturemedia_common.quotation_subjectWashington IrvingAmericaAncient historylcsh:History AmericaAntiquitéromanticismeoratory[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature060104 historyIndiansNative AmericansWilliam TudorHistory America0601 history and archaeologyCountrynineteenth-century American literatureE11-143lcsh:E-FRomanticismAntiquityart oratoireOrder (virtue)littérature américaine du XIXe siècleComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSmedia_commonCivilizationmanuels scolaires du XIXe siècleThomas Jeffersonlcsh:AmericaAmerican Indians06 humanities and the arts[ SHS.LITT ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature060202 literary studiesSublimeAncient GreeceE-Fnineteenth-century textbooksAmérindiensRomanticism0602 languages and literatureJames Fenimore CooperGeriatrics and GerontologyComplicityAmerican literaturedescription
This article examines the comparisons made between Indians and Antiquity in early nineteenth-century American literature (notably in the works of Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper); to do so, it begins by reaching back to references in European and American writings of the eighteenth century. One of the main motivations behind the associations between Native Americans and the Ancient World made in the early decades of the nineteenth century was to “elevate” Indians in order to transform them into worthy symbols of the recently established United States. Such associations also rendered them suitable subjects for treatment by authors inspired to a large extent by the Romantic Movement and involved in the project of creating a national literature for the new country. Bringing together these two quite different worlds, however, resulted in various ambiguities: it simultaneously reinforced the suggestion that Indians were already part of the past (providing a certain complicity with the continuing destruction of Indian culture) and questioned the then dominant image of Ancient Greece and Rome as examples of some of the highest levels attainable of government and human civilization. Cet article examine les comparaisons faites entre les Indiens et l’Antiquité dans la littérature américaine des premières décennies du XIXe siècle (notamment dans les œuvres de Washington Irving et de James Fenimore Cooper), entreprise qui suppose au préalable une exploration de ce type d’allusions dans des textes européens et américains du XVIIIe siècle. Ces associations entre les Amérindiens et le monde antique visaient entre autres à « élever » les Indiens pour en faire des symboles dignes de la jeune nation américaine, mais aussi des sujets appropriés pour des auteurs fortement influencés par le Romantisme qui cherchaient à faire émerger une littérature nationale. Le rapprochement entre ces mondes n’est cependant pas dépourvu d’ambiguïtés: il suggère que les Indiens appartenaient déjà au passé (entérinant ainsi le processus de destruction de la culture indienne alors en cours) et interroge l’idée alors dominante selon laquelle la Grèce et la Rome antiques incarnaient des formes parmi les plus accomplies de gouvernement et de civilisation.
year | journal | country | edition | language |
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2016-06-01 |