6533b85efe1ef96bd12c0824
RESEARCH PRODUCT
Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study.
Klaus BoehnkeErna SzaboPenny PanagiotopoulouManfred SchmittAnu RealoLili DuanBert OverlaetMárta FülöpBeng-chong LimLisa Art. LeslieRozhan OthmanRonald FischerPatricia MárquezAlessia D'amatoPaweł BoskiKibum KimNaharika VohraPeter B. SmithJakobina ArnadottirMontse FerrerLisa Hisae NishiiDarius K.-s. ChanLarisa PonomarenkoZeynep AycanSusumu YamaguchiJames GeorgasJanetta LunMidori ToyamaJagdeep S. ChhokarEmiko S. KashimaLorena R. Perez-floriznoJana L. RaverAlain LempereurSoon AngEvert Van De VliertRosa CabecinhasVidar ScheiMichele J. GelfandYoshishima KashimaNalinee TaveesinKarl PeltzerIris C. FischlmayrNazar SoomroAssaf AlmaliachColleen Wardsubject
AdultCross-Cultural ComparisonMalePermissivenessSocial Valuesmedia_common.quotation_subject050109 social psychologySocial value orientationsAutocracyConformityYoung AdultSocial ConformityCultural diversity0502 economics and businessCultural diversityHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesSocial Behaviormedia_commonPopulation DensityBehaviorMultidisciplinaryScience & TechnologyCultural CharacteristicsPolitical Systems05 social sciences1. No povertyCross-cultural studiesSELFSocial Control FormalSocial normsPolitical economyGovernmentCultural rightsFemale050203 business & managementDeviance (sociology)Social controlTightness-loosenessdescription
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-05-27 | Science (New York, N.Y.) |