6533b85efe1ef96bd12c0966

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

subject

description

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations. This work was primarily supported by grant OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Lucas Guimarães Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (404710/2018-2 and 310797/2019-5), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PRPq) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Olatunji Adetokunboh acknowledges the Department of Science and Innovation and National Research Foundation for its support. Syed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Josip Car acknowledges their post at Imperial College London, which is supported by the NIHR NW London Applied Research Collaboration. Felix Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support, with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera Marisa Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Jan-Walter De Neve acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe acknowledges support by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Sagnik Dey acknowledges support from IIT Delhi for the Institute Chair position. Marcel Ausloos, Adrian Pana and Claudiu Herteliu are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Claudiu Herteliu is partially supported by a grant co-funded by the European Fund for Regional Development through the Operational Program for Competitiveness, project ID P_40_382. Claudiu Herteliu and Adrian Pana are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351. Praveen Hoogar wholeheartedly thanks the Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and NHMRC. Oommen John is the recipient of an UIPA scholarship, UNSW, Sydney. Md. Nuruzzaman Khan acknowledges Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (grant no. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITM/0004). Kewal Krishan acknowledges support by a DST PURSE grant and the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University. Ben Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Iván Landires is member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá. Alberto Ortiz acknowledges their research, which is supported by FRIAT, ISCIIII FEDER funds RETIC REDINREN RD016/0009. George Patton acknowledges support from an NHMRC research fellowship. Maarten J. Postma reports various grants and honoraria from public and private partners and shareholdership in two health economics consultancies. Rajesh Kumar Rai received financial support from the West Bengal State Department of Health and Family Welfare, India (memo no. 114-P&B/ HFW-27011/114/2019-NHM SEC). Milena Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the support received from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract no. 175087). Feng Sha acknowledges support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant no. KQTD20190929172835662). Aziz Sheikh acknowledges Health Data Research UK. Adithi Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal Academy of Higher Education for the support and encouragement. B. Suresh Kumar Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for the encouragement and support provided. Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh acknowledges the clinical research development center of Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences for their wise advice. Riaz Uddin is supported by the Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Charles Shey Wiysonge’s work is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Sojib Bin Zaman received a scholarship from the Australian Government Research Training Program in support of his academic career. Yunquan Zhang was supported by the Key Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province (Hubei University of Medicine) (grant no. 2020ZD001).