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RESEARCH PRODUCT
An age-adapted plyometric exercise program improves dynamic strength, jump performance and functional capacity in older men either similarly or more than traditional resistance training
Stijn Van DriesscheEvelien Van RoieChristophe DelecluseTijs DelabastitaBenedicte VanwanseeleSimon Walkersubject
MaleMuscle PhysiologyMuscle FunctionsPhysiologyIsometric exerciseWalkingPlyometric Exercisemedicine.disease_causeJumping0302 clinical medicineJumpingElderlystrength trainingMedicine and Health SciencesEccentricPlyometricsPublic and Occupational HealthLeg pressAged 80 and overMultidisciplinaryexerciseStair climbingQRAge FactorslegsSports SciencekävelyStrength TrainingMedicineLegshyppääminenvoimaharjoittelumedicine.symptomAnatomylihaskunto0305 other medical scienceikääntyneetLocomotionResearch Articlemedicine.medical_specialtyStrength trainingSciencefyysinen toimintakykyjumpingmuscle functionselderlywalking03 medical and health sciencesPhysical medicine and rehabilitation030502 gerontologymedicineAdultsHumansMuscle StrengthSports and Exercise MedicineExerciseAgedbusiness.industryBiological LocomotionBiology and Life SciencesReproducibility of ResultsResistance Training030229 sport sciencesPhysical ActivityjalatKnee painPhysical FitnessAge GroupsBody LimbsPeople and PlacesFeasibility StudiesPopulation Groupingsbusinesssports and exercise medicinehuman activitiesdescription
Power declines at a greater rate during ageing and is more relevant for functional deterioration than either loss of maximum strength or muscle mass. Human movement typically consists of stretch-shortening cycle action. Therefore, plyometric exercises, using an eccentric phase quickly followed by a concentric phase to optimize power production, should resemble daily function more than traditional resistance training, which primarily builds force production capacity in general. However, it is unclear whether older adults can sustain such high-impact training. This study compared the effects of plyometric exercise (PLYO) on power, force production, jump and functional performance to traditional resistance training (RT) and walking (WALK) in older men. Importantly, feasibility was investigated. Forty men (69.5 ± 3.9 years) were randomized to 12-weeks of PLYO (N = 14), RT (N = 12) or WALK (N = 14). Leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), leg-extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD), jump and functional performance were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. One subject in RT (low back pain) and three in PLYO (2 muscle strains, 1 knee pain) dropped out. Adherence to (91.2 ± 4.4%) and acceptability of (≥ 7/10) PLYO was high. 1-RM improved more in RT (25.0 ± 10.0%) and PLYO (23.0 ± 13.6%) than in WALK (2.9 ± 13.7%) (p 0.05). To conclude, PLYO is beneficial over RT for improving power, jump and stair climbing performance without compromising gains in strength. This form of training seems feasible, but contains an inherent higher risk for injuries, which should be taken into account when designing programs for older adults. ispartof: PLOS ONE vol:15 issue:8 ispartof: location:United States status: published
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-08-25 |