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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated COPD: significance and therapeutic prospects.
Silvestro Ennio D'annaM. CaroneBruno BalbiFrancesco CappelloAntonino Di Stefanosubject
0301 basic medicinePulmonary and Respiratory MedicinePulmonary diseasemicrobiomeReview03 medical and health sciencesPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicineImmune systemexacerbationsmedicineHumansMicrobiomeRespiratory systemlcsh:RC705-779COPDImmunity CellularLungseverity of COPDbusiness.industryBiomarkers; COPD phenotype; Exacerbations; Microbiome; Severity of COPD; Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine; Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health; Health PolicyHealth PolicyPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthbiomarkersExacerbationlcsh:Diseases of the respiratory systemBiomarkerGeneral MedicineViral Loadmedicine.diseaseBacterial Loadrespiratory tract diseases030104 developmental biologymedicine.anatomical_structure030228 respiratory systemImmunologyDisease ProgressionCOPD phenotypebusinessViral loadRespiratory tractdescription
Silvestro Ennio D’Anna,1 Bruno Balbi,2 Francesco Cappello,3,4 Mauro Carone,2 Antonino Di Stefano21Department of Rehabilitation, Cardiorespiratory Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio di Cefalù, 2Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) and Cassano delle Murge (BA), 3Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 4Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, ItalyAbstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. Bacteria and viruses are a major cause of COPD exacerbations and may contribute to COPD progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. Bacterial variety diminishes with increasing COPD severity. Respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable COPD, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating secondary bacterial infections. In this review, we present the most updated information about the role of bacteria and viruses in stable and exacerbated COPD. In our opinion, to optimize therapeutic strategies, the dynamic events involving bacterial–viral infections and related immune response in COPD phenotypes need to be better clarified. Our paper would address these points that we consider of great importance for the clinical management of COPD.Keywords: COPD phenotype, biomarkers, exacerbations, severity of COPD, microbiome
| year | journal | country | edition | language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-03-01 | International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |