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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Ab initio study of tungsten trioxide WO3 in volume and surface area

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The structure and stability of different crystallographic phases of tungstentrioxide and the effect of potassium doping have been studied using ab initiocalcuations, both in the bulk and at the surface. The study was motivatedby experimental works on the growth of WO3 nanorods on a mica substrate.The nanorods adopt a hexagonal phase, which is metastable in bulk WO3.The first part of the manuscript reports the study of bulk WO3. For thehexagonal and monoclinique phase, the atomic structure is deterimined andcompared with different models that have been proposed in the experimentalliterature. The relative stability of the two phases is calculated as a functionof potassium doping. From this an approximate phase diagram of KxWO3is obtained which shows that the the hexaongal phase is stable for x between3 and 35%. It is also shown that the WO3 lattice distortions disappearfore sufficient K concentration. These results explain the stabilization of thehexagonal phase in the nanorods through insertion of K atoms from the micasurface.In the second part of the manuscript, a sytematic study of the surfaces ofWO3 in the monoclinic and hexagaonal phase is presented. For each phase,the three surface orientations of lowest Miller indices are considered. All nonreconstructedterminations and several types of reconstructions are analysedin terms of polarity, stability and atomic structure. In the monoclinic phase,the (010) surface with a c(2x2) reconstruction is most stable, in agreementwith experiment. For the hexagonal phase, the surface with lowest energy(0.02 eV/Å2) is c(1x1)O2(1120). It is found that the stability of the differentorientations is very sensitive to potassium doping. For hexagonal KxWO3with x = 13 , the (0001) surface is most stable with a KO3 termination and asurface energy of 0.05 eV/Å2.