Search results for "Croissance"
showing 10 items of 109 documents
Simulation de scénarios d’urbanisation pour estimer l’impact écologique du développement résidentiel et des évolutions de trafic associées
2015
National audience; La maîtrise de l’étalement urbain repré¬sente actuellement une préoccupation ma¬jeure en aménagement face au nombre im¬portant de nuisances induites par le phénomène. Sur le plan paysager, la croissance des villes se produit aux dépens des milieux naturels et agricoles, ce qui contribue à la fragmentation et à la réduction des habitats de la faune sauvage. Il est donc souhaitable de trouver un compromis entre les implantations résidentielles et la connectivité des habitats écologiques afin d’assurer la durabilité des populations animales. La recherche de ce compromis suppose une concertation entre les différents acteurs de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’environnement…
Débuter la diversification alimentaire : une décision influencée par la croissance de l'enfant ?
2019
National audience; Les pratiques d'alimentation des nourrissons sont soumises à des influences multiples. Ainsi, l'âge de début de diversification varie selon de nombreux facteurs comme les caractéristiques maternelles (tabagisme, âge, niveau d'études, corpulence, pays de naissance) ou infantiles (sexe) (Bournez et al., 2017). Nous voulions étudier si cet âge pouvait de plus dépendre de la croissance de l'enfant, et traduire ainsi une sensibilité de la mère à cet aspect du développement. Nous avons envisagé que les enfants les plus grands (ou lourds, ou corpulents) pourraient être diversifiés plus tôt que les enfants de taille « moyenne ». Les données de la cohorte ELFE (Etude Longitudinale…
Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des économies modernes. Faut-il préférer la globalisation ou la proximité géographique ?
2009
Globalisation and metropolisation in modern economies induce some locational strategies of knowledge based activities towards cities and deeply increase trade and move of ideas across cities. In that context, we study the way knowledge spillovers have influenced the economic growth of 82 European Metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers across cities according to three specific interaction patterns depending either on geography or on global advanced services or thought a combination of these patterns. We show that the mixed pattern matters the best for economic growth of cities in Europe.
Contraintes budgétaires, développement des ressources humaines et croissance économique en Afrique sub-saharienne
1992
International audience
Services provided by soil microorganisms to improve plant phosphate nutrition
2022
Since the first Green Revolution, agricultural practices have been based on the massive use of synthetic fertilisers and plant protection products. Since then, global consumption of phosphate fertilisers has more than tripled, reaching 47 million tonnes in 2019. Current projections estimate that phosphate rock stocks (natural phosphorus resources for fertiliser production) could be depleted within the next century, leading us to change our agricultural practices. In soils, P is mainly present in complexed forms that are not easily accessible to plants. To reduce the use of phosphate fertilisers, it is necessary to make this complexed phosphate accessible to plants. This can be done by benef…
Les effets macroéconomiques sur la productivité et les prix de vastes réformes structurelles sur les marchés des biens et du travail
2015
La présente analyse vise à caractériser les effets « directs » et « indirects » des régulations sur le marché des biens ainsi que les effets des régulations sur le marché du travail, sur la productivité et sur les prix. L’analyse est empirique et réalisée via des estimations sur un panel de quatorze pays sur la période 1987-2007, et quand cela est possible sur des donnés sectorielles (treize secteurs manufacturiers et cinq secteurs des services et réseaux). Au terme de ces estimations, il est possible de caractériser les effets de la mise en oeuvre de réformes structurelles. Les réformes structurelles consistent ici en une baisse des indicateurs de régulations sur les marchés des biens et d…
Root-induced decomposer growth and plant N uptake are not positively associated among a set of grassland plants
2007
Abstract It is known that plant species can induce development of different soil decomposer communities and that they differ in their influence on organic matter decomposition and N mineralization in soil. However, no study has so far assessed whether these two observations are related to each other. Based on the hypothesis that root-induced growth of soil decomposers leads to accelerated decomposition of SOM and increased plant N availability in soil, we predicted that (1) among a set of grassland plants the abundance of soil decomposers in the plant rhizosphere is positively associated with plant N uptake from soil organic matter. To test this, we established grassland microcosms consisti…
Structural Change in the education system in Algeria and economic overhaul
2015
Evoking the problem of the relationship between the emerging economies that were still in training with the educational strategy in the case of a country may be colonized in the economy and school structures are staked, allowed us to these operations to repair Messaging standards and strategies that determine the economic and educational options, namely time and touches to a country that was in originally builds himself.There lies the issue which is namely the analysis of correlation between economic growth and basic knowledge of factors. And displays numbers and statistics that measure the amount of these factors in the analysis and development of public investment in education and trainin…
Study of interface formation during diffusion bonding : compact heat exchangers application
2014
Compact diffusion bonded heat exchangers are an attractive option in many fields (nuclear, (petro-)chemistry, solar…) due to their performance. This type of concept is especially intended for manufacturing the energy conversion system of the ASTRID reactor. During diffusion bonding by HIP, the problem is twofold: the channel deformation and microstructure evolution must be controlled, while at the same time, highly resistant interfaces are desired. This thesis is focused on the understanding and the control of the bonded components microstructure prepared by HIP in order to define « process » criteria to achieve welds in agreement with specifications of components containing fluidic channel…
Entrepreneurs (novices vs. experts) and investors: Interaction and rationality dynamics (effectual vs. causal)
2019
The paper studies the mechanisms that govern the interactions between the entrepreneur (novice or expert) and the specific investors of emerging firms (business angels (BAs) and venture-capital firms (VCs)). Combining both literatures on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial finance, our aim is to understand if the rationalities of these three actors help them or not to interact, and, to study how they influence each other during the firm's growth. In order to do so, we undertake two processual case studies. Our results show that effectual rationality underlines the interaction between the entrepreneur and the BAs at the creation of the firm, whilst causal rationality is helpful in the searc…