6533b86dfe1ef96bd12c9eb3

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Role of neuroinflammation in ethanol neurotoxicity

subject

description

Abstract Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound whose abuse can cause alterations in brain structure and functions, although these effects are more dramatic while the brain develops. The molecular mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of alcohol are complex and remain largely unknown. Current evidence from human and animal studies supports the role of the neuroimmune system in many actions of ethanol on the central nervous system, including neurotoxicity. Different studies have shown that, by activating innate immune receptors TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and (NOD)-like receptors (inflammasome NLRs) in glial cells, alcohol triggers signaling pathways which culminate in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that lead to neuroinflammation and brain damage, and contribute to alcohol-induced neuropathology and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. In this chapter we review the evidence which demonstrates that the activation of the innate immune system and TLRs participates in not only the neuropathology associated with alcohol abuse in adults and adolescents with binge drinking, but also in the effects of alcohol exposure during fetal development. The potential therapies that target neuroimmune pathways to treat neuropathological and behavioral consequences of alcohol abuse are also discussed.