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RESEARCH PRODUCT

The role of categorization bias in situations of sports and non-sport interaction among Cameroonian footballers migrating to Europe and the Maghreb

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description

The objective of this doctoral work was to consider the difficulties of integration of Cameroonian footballers migrating in Europe and the Maghreb. Starting from the mobilization of a theoretical framework centered on intergroup relations, we questioned the role ofcategorical and identity processes in situations of sporting and non-sporting interactions and their effects on players' behavior.The first exploratory and qualitative study was conducted among Cameroonian footballers who had lived an experience in European or Maghreb clubs. It highlighted the relationship difficulties and forms of discrimination sports and non-sporting which they face, in relation to their ethnic origin. The second study, which regroups three sub-studies, made it possible to specify from the mutual representations of Cameroonian and European footballers on the characteristics of football that these two groups position themselves on strategies of individual mobility, do not show discrimination, Cameroonians manifesting a bias of exo- favoritism. These studies also showed that football was relational for Cameroonians while it is mental for Europeans. In Study 3, we refined some of the results of previous studies, particularly on performance parameters (3A), and we showed the role of anticipation of anxiety on the link between relational representations and meta-representations and the quality of contacts between Cameroonian and European footballers (3B). Study 4, for its part, showed that, in a football game situation, the categorical context favored discrimination whereas the supra-ordered context favored the feeling of common belonging. This doctoral work shows that in sports and non-sporting situations, certain phenomena related to intergroup relations, such as discrimination, prejudice, Stereotypes and meta-stereotypes, must be taken into account when analyzing and to understand the interactions between several ethnic groups in co-presence.