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RESEARCH PRODUCT

The Evolution of the Global Paper Industry: Concluding Remarks

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This concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the volume, and combines those findings with a comparative life-cycle perspective. We demonstrate how pulp and paper industry companies have emerged and exited in different countries. We highlight technology, raw materials, markets and products as factors explaining changes in industry structure and dominance. We demonstrate that industrial growth and the accumulation of technological knowledge require a certain maturity of political systems, regulation, and organization of research and development. Likewise, similarities between regions that lose their competitive advantage are characterized by saturation of demand, thereby weakening incentives to invest in production capacity, which is subsequently detrimental to the whole value network.