Search results for "paperiteollisuus"
showing 10 items of 45 documents
Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs
2021
Broader use of bio-based fibres in packaging becomes possible when the mechanical properties of fibre materials exceed those of conventional paperboard. Hot-pressing provides an efficient method to improve both the wet and dry strength of lignin-containing paper webs. Here we study varied pressing conditions for webs formed with thermomechanical pulp (TMP). The results are compared against similar data for a wide range of other fibre types. In addition to standard strength and structural measurements, we characterise the induced structural changes with X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. The wet strength generally increases monotonously up to a very high pressing tempera…
Varieties of State Aid and Technological Development: Government Support to the Pulp and Paper Industry, the 1970s to the 1990s
2018
Countries promote the development of pulp and paper industry through industrial, technology and innovation policy measures. Direct interventions and regional and environmental policies, together with more general governmental measures on trade negotiations, taxation, labour policies, and infrastructure development (e.g. roads, energy) have also had an impact on shaping the geographical location of and investments in the pulp and paper industry. This chapter presents an historical overview of government support on pulp and paper industry in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from roughly the 1970s to the 1990s. As the earlier literature suggests, in c…
Paperiliitto ja kilpailukyky-yhteiskunta : Paperilitto suomalaisen yhteiskunnan rakennemuutoksen vuosina 1985-2009
2010
Tutkimuksen tehtävänä on selvittää, miten Paperiliitto on toiminut suomalaisen yhteiskunnan rakennemuutoksen vuosina 1985-2009. 1980-luvulla tehtiin poliittisia päätöksiä, jotka avasivat kotimaisia markkinoita ulkomaiselle kilpailulle ja omistukselle. Suomi otti ensiaskeleita kohti globalisaatiota. Metsäteollisuudessa se johti perinteisten vientiyhdistysten hajoamiseen ja toimialan kansainvälistymiseen. Samalla paperiteollisuuden kotimaiset työpaikat ovat vähentyneet lähes puoleen 1970-luvulta tähän päivään mennessä. Teollisuustyöpaikkojen katoamista voidaan kutsua deindustrialisaatioksi. 1980-luvun puolivälissä myös Suomessa parikymmentä vuotta käynnissä ollut hyvinvointivaltion laajenemin…
Ecotoxicological status of a watercourse recovering from heavy loading by pulp and paper industry
2013
The Evolution of the Global Paper Industry: Concluding Remarks
2012
This concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the volume, and combines those findings with a comparative life-cycle perspective. We demonstrate how pulp and paper industry companies have emerged and exited in different countries. We highlight technology, raw materials, markets and products as factors explaining changes in industry structure and dominance. We demonstrate that industrial growth and the accumulation of technological knowledge require a certain maturity of political systems, regulation, and organization of research and development. Likewise, similarities between regions that lose their competitive advantage are characterized by saturation of demand, thereby weakening incen…
Preparation and Characterization of Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge-Activated Biochars Using Alkaline Activation : A Box–Behnken Design Approach
2022
This study utilized pulp and paper mill sludge as a carbon source to produce activated biochar adsorbents. The response surface methodology (RSM) application for predicting and optimizing the activated biochar preparation conditions was investigated. Biochars were prepared based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) approach with three independent factors (i.e., pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and KOH:biomass ratio), and the responses evaluated were specific surface area (SSA), micropore area (Smicro), and mesopore area (Smeso). According to the RSM and BBD analysis, a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C for 3 h of holding and an impregnation ratio of 1:1 (biomass:KOH) are the optimum conditions f…
Stability of moving viscoelastic panels interacting with surrounding fluid
2012
We study a model describing the out-of-plane vibrations of an axially moving viscoelastic panel submerged in flowing fluid. The panel is assumed to travel at a constant velocity between two fixed supports, and it is modeled as a flat panel made of viscoelastic Kelvin-Voigt material. The fluid flow is modeled with the help of the added mass coefficients. The resulting dynamic equation is a partial differential equation of fifth order in space. Five boundary conditions are set for the studied problem. The behavior of the panel is analyzed with the help of its eigenvalues (eigenfrequencies). These characteristics are studied with respect to the velocity of the panel. In our study, we have incl…
Technological Transformation in the Global Pulp and Paper Industry : Concluding Remarks
2018
The volume has provided us with illustrative, well-documented case studies of technological transformation in the global pulp and paper industry. The research has focused on the roles played by the availability of technology, knowledge, investments, and raw materials on the one hand and demand characteristics on the other, within local, regional, national and transnational organisational frameworks. It has dealt with the relationships between technology transfer, technology leadership, raw material dependence, and product variety on a global scale. The investigation has followed the tradition of in-depth and rich historical descriptions based on primary sources and secondary literature. The…
Technological Transformation in the Global Pulp and Paper Industry : Introduction
2018
At a high level of abstraction, the evolution of any industry is a function of changes in product market demand, availability and supply of capital, energy resources, raw materials knowledge and technology, the surrounding institutional framework and organisational solutions. New technological innovations emerge because of changes in product market demand or institutional framework that encourage entrepreneurs and firms to take advantage of new business opportunities. This contributed volume provides illustrative, well documented case studies of technological transformation in the global pulp and paper industry from the inception of mechanical papermaking in early nineteenth century Europe …