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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Passive Sampling of Atmospheric Organic Contaminants

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The state of the art of passive sampling monitoring studies of atmospheric contaminants is reviewed in this chapter. The following passive samplers were considered: badge-type diffusive samplers; diffusive tubes; semi-permeable membrane devices; Radiello samplers; solid-phase microextraction fibers; polyurethane foam disks; XAD-2 passive air samplers; stir-bar samplers; polymer-coated glass surfaces; versatile, easy and rapid atmospheric monitor; and vegetation. A summary of the passive samplers used, sampling times, sampling rates, and analyte concentrations found is provided for different organic compounds, such as: carbonyl compounds, volatile compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pesticides, and other emerging pollutants. The analytical methods for the determination of the analyte concentration in every sampler are presented, revealing good acceptance of environmentally friendly methodologies. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium uptake models are evaluated, taking into account the influence of environmental factors.