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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Substantial fat mass loss reduces low-grade inflammation and induces positive alteration in cardiometabolic factors in normal-weight individuals

Joseph H. LeeVille IsolaJuha J. HulmiJuha J. HulmiMarkus PerolaMarkus PerolaJoseph D. TerwilligerJoseph D. TerwilligerKeijo HäkkinenAnni JoensuuAnni JoensuuSatu MännistöHeikki V. SarinHeikki V. SarinKatja BorodulinZ. JinKati KristianssonKati KristianssonJuha P. AhtiainenMatti JauhiainenMatti Jauhiainen

subject

0301 basic medicinePanniculitisPhysiologyPROTEINmarkerslcsh:MedicinebiomarkkeritBody Mass IndexSERUM0302 clinical medicineWeight losslcsh:Scienceaineenvaihdunta2. Zero hungereducation.field_of_studyMultidisciplinarytulehdusCHOLESTEROLOrgan Size3. Good healthmedicine.anatomical_structureAdipose TissueCardiovascular DiseasesBody CompositionMetabolomemedicine.symptomOBESE WOMENBODY-COMPOSITIONPopulationInflammationHDL PARTICLE-SIZEArticle03 medical and health sciencesWhite blood cellmedicineHumansMetabolomicseducationExercisekehonkoostumusbody compositionbusiness.industryBody Weightlcsh:RDISEASE RISKLipid metabolismDietHIGH-RISKREDUCTION030104 developmental biologyPHYSICAL-ACTIVITYmarkkeritinflammation3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinelcsh:Q3111 BiomedicinebusinessBody mass indexmetabolismBiomarkers030217 neurology & neurosurgeryHomeostasisLipoprotein

description

AbstractThe accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: at baseline (PRE); at the end of the weight loss period (MID: 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE); and at the end of the weight regain period (POST: 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). Following the weight loss period, the diet group experienced a ~73% reduction (~0.69 kg) in visceral fat mass (false discovery rate, FDR < 2.0 × 10−16), accompanied by anti-atherogenic effects on transcriptomic markers, decreased low-grade inflammation (e.g., as α1–acid glycoprotein (FDR = 3.08 × 10−13) and hs-CRP (FDR = 2.44 × 10−3)), and an increase in functionally important anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein -associated metabolites (FDR < 0.05). This occurred even though these values were already at favorable levels in these participants, who follow a fitness-lifestyle compared to age- and BMI-matched females from the general population (n = 58). Following the weight regain period, most of the observed beneficial changes in visceral fat mass, and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles dissipated. Overall, the beneficial anti-atherogenic effects of weight loss can be observed even in previously healthy, normal-weight individuals.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2019-03-01Scientific Reports
10.1038/s41598-019-40107-6http://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-019-40107-6