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RESEARCH PRODUCT

A versatile mechanized setup for controlled experiments in archeology [Electronic Supplementary Material]

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Supplementary Material 1. Preliminary tests on the Universal Robot UR5 (top) and inotec SMARTTESTER® (bottom). Each machine was programmed to move a scriber (needle) uni-directional linear motion from a starting point to an ending point (distance ≈ 19 cm) with a 50 N (UR5) or 5 kg (SMARTTESTER®) load applied onto the tip. One and five programmatically identical strokes were performed on an aluminum plate. The red dotted lines are straight lines drawn from the starting point to the end point. The arrows indicate the direction of the movement. The width of each groove was measured around the middle (where the black marks are) and are, from top to bottom: 407, 587, 814 and 961 µm. The images were acquired with a digital microscope Smartzoom 5 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany) equipped with a Plan Apo D 1.6×/0.1 objective, at 34× total on-screen (17.5”) resolution. Each image was acquired in two parts, each part being itself an automatically stitched image. The two parts were then manually stitched together in GIMP 2.10.14. The grooves being very long and thin, the reader is advised to digitally zoom into the images to see the details. The resolution of 1200 dpi should allow a great level of details to be visible.   Supplementary Material 2. Scripts of the experiments used for the present paper: (1) Linear setup (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Material 4) (2) Rotary setup (Fig. 4 and Supplementary Material 5) (3) Percussion setup (Fig. 5 and Supplementary Material 6) (4) Oscillating setup (Fig. 6 and Supplementary Material 7) (5) Test of parallelism (Supplementary Material 1)   Supplementary Material 3. Specifications of drives and sensors.   Supplementary Material 4. Video of the linear setup: flint flake cutting a pine board in uni-directional movements. Three strokes (357 mm each at 600 mm.s-1 and 4,000 mm.s-2), with 2 kg weights, were cutting into a pine board. Each stroke cut into a fresh portion of the board thanks to the movement of the table (Y direction).   Supplementary Material 5. Video of the rotary setup: limestone pebbles grinding linseeds. 30 rotations at 300°.s-1 and 600°.s-2; 1 kg weight.   Supplementary Material 6. Video of the percussion setup: limestone pebbles cracking the tibia of a juvenile roe deer previously used in gnawing experiments. Dropping height ≈ 20 cm; 1 kg weight.   Supplementary Material 7. Video of the oscillating setup: shaking sand with two flint flakes. 20 rotations at 600°.s-1 and 600°.s-2; linear movement amplitude approximately 16 cm.   Instructions to download all files at once are given here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011952