Search results for " ADR"

Early management of COPD: Where are we now and where do we go from here? a delphi consensus project

2019

Fabiano Di Marco,1 Piero Balbo,2 Francesco de Blasio,3 Vittorio Cardaci,4 Nunzio Crimi,5 Giuseppe Girbino,6 Girolamo Pelaia,7 Pietro Pirina,8 Pietro Roversi,9 Pierachille Santus,10,11 Nicola Scichilone,12 Alessandro Vatrella,13 Patrizio Pasqualetti,14 Mauro Carone15 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Respiratory Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; 2SC Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; 3Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Section, Clinic Center S.p.A. Private Hospital, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, It…

Control of the production of oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes by beta-adrenergic receptors.

1983

The control by beta-adrenergic receptors of the production of oxygen radicals by zymosan-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (M phi) was studied in vitro by means of chemiluminescence. In addition we asked whether PMN and M phi exhibit differential sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation. For beta-adrenergic stimulation we applied fenoterol ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-9) M x 2.7. We found a dose-dependent suppression of the production of oxygen radicals, the ID50 being approximately 10(-6) M both for PMN and M phi. By assessment of lactic dehydrogenase release a cytotoxic effect of the drug could be ruled out. When incubated together with the beta-adrenergic …

β-Adrenoceptor stimulation up-regulates phosphodiesterase 4 activity and reduces prostaglandin E 2 -inhibitory effects in human neutrophils

2000

Human neutrophils were treated for 4 h with a combination of salbutamol (1 µM), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, and rolipram (30 µM), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, to investigate whether this treatment produces up-regulation of phosphodiesterase activity with functional consequences. Anion-exchange chromatography coupled with the use of selective activators and inhibitors demonstrated that a phosphodiesterase activity with characteristics of the isoenzyme type 4 was increased in drug-treated cells. Kinetic analysis showed a ~1.5-fold increase in V max without alteration of K m values. The augmented phosphodiesterase activity in drug-treated cells was abolished by actinomycin D. Cycl…

Different expression of adrenoceptors and GRKs in the human myocardium depends on heart failure etiology and correlates to clinical variables.

2012

Downregulation of β1- adrenergic receptors (β1-ARs) and increased expression/function of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) have been observed in human heart failure, but changes in expression of other ARs and GRKs have not been established. Another unresolved question is the incidence of these compensatory mechanisms depending on heart failure etiology and treatment. To analyze these questions, we quantified the mRNA/protein expressions of six ARs (α1A, α1B, α1D, β1, β2, and β3) and three GRKs (GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5) in left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) from four donors, 10 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC), 14 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), and 10 patients wit…

Effect of noradrenaline and isoproterenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in whole blood from patients with chro…

2005

Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) correlate with poor prognoses in chronic heart failure (CHF). This study demonstrated that noradrenaline and isoproterenol inhibit TNF-alpha production in patients with CHF in ex vivo whole blood in a dose-dependent fashion. The beta-blocker bisoprolol abolishes this effect.

Complex regional pain syndrome:intradermal injection of phenylephrine evokes pain and hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients with upregulated α1-adre…

2018

The aim of this study was to determine whether upregulated cutaneous expression of α1-adrenoceptors (α1-AR) is a source of pain in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Immunohistochemistry was used to identify α1-AR on nerve fibres and other targets in the affected and contralateral skin of 90 patients, and in skin samples from 38 pain-free controls. The distribution of α1-AR was compared between patients and controls, and among subgroups of patients defined by CRPS duration, limb temperature asymmetry, and diagnostic subtype (CRPS I vs CRPS II). In addition, α1-AR expression was investigated in relation to pain and pinprick hyperalgesia evoked by intradermal injection of th…

β2-adrenoreceptors control human skin microvascular reactivity.

2021

Topical α1- and α2-adrenoreceptor (ADRA1 and 2) agonists are effective in alleviating permanent vasodilation and facial erythema associated with rosacea by inducing skin vasoconstriction. Although β-adrenoreceptor (ADRB) antagonists are used off-label for rosacea, pharmacological and pharmacodynamic data pertaining to these receptors in skin micro-vessels are lacking. Objectives: To analyse the expression of different adrenergic receptors and their contribution to vasoreactivity in skin micro-vessels. Small arteries (500-800 μm) and arterioles (<200 μm) were studied in human foreskin tissue. Specifically, ADR-A1, -A2, -B1 and -B2 expression was assayed by immunofluorescence, polymerase chai…

Association between reduced lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors and left ventricular dysfunction in young obese subjects

1994

This study was designed to evaluate total (t) and surface (s) beta-adrenergic receptors (BAR) density and their relationships with left ventricular function in young obese subjects. BAR density, plasma insulin, catecholamines and left ventricular function were evaluated in 27 young obese subjects (BMI30.5 kg/m2 for males and27.3 kg/m2 for females) without other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, hypertension, diabetes and lipid abnormalities) and in 20 lean controls (BMI25 kg/m2 for males and24.7 kg/m2 for females). Both groups were matched for gender, age and body height. BAR density was evaluated according to Böyum and De Blasi methods. Plasma catecholamines by high perfus…

Consensus Document on substitution therapy with DHEA in the elderly

2006

Adrenal morphology and function in acromegalic patients in relation to disease activity.

2009

Visceromegaly is a common consequence of acromegaly. However, few studies investigated the chronic effects of growth hormone on adrenal glands. Our aim was to evaluate adrenal morphology and function in a cohort of acromegalic patients in relation to disease activity. Twenty-six acromegalics (10 males and 16 females) and 21 healthy subjects were investigated. Gland morphology was evaluated by computerized axial tomography, measuring central, lateral, and medial adrenal segments. Uncontrolled acromegalics showed increased volume of all adrenal segments, higher urinary free cortisol (UFC), and lower morning adrenocorticotropic hormone in comparison with healthy subjects. However, normal corti…