Search results for " Africa"

The West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) and its First Model Intercomparison Experiment

2008

International audience; This paper presents the scientific challenge in West African monsoon (WAM) simulation and discusses the West African Monsoon Modeling and Evaluation project (WAMME) initiative and its approaches to improve WAM simulations. Major scientific highlights from the first WAMME model comparison are the focus of the paper. Based on the first WAMME experiment, the WAMME models' performance is evaluated with precipitation being the major focus. The analyses indicate that the models with specified SST generally have reasonable simulations of the mean spatial distribution of WAM precipitation but largely fail to produce proper daily precipitation frequency distributions. WAMME m…

Past and future spatio-temporal variability of rainfall of the Bani catchment in West Africa.

2011

6 pages; International audience; Since 1970, on the Bani, main tributary of the upper Niger, annual discharges have decreased by 69% while annual rainfall has decreased only by 15% to 25% over the catchment. Among the possible causes for this very strong discharge decrease changes of precipitation patterns must be explored. Four different methods of spatial interpolation of rainfall fields were compared on intra-seasonal indices (number of dry days, the dry spells, EDI, SPI, etc.) for the period 1950-2006. This study was also conducted on simulated pluviometric data generated by a regional climatic model (WRF) for the 2032-2041 period. The pluviometric deficit is explained by a conjunction …

Temporal evolution of heavy rainfall in the southern West Africa coastline belt.

2018

The Southern Coastalbelt of West Africa (SCWA) is exposed to recurrent flooding. The two objectives of the study are to show thespecificity of SCWA to heavy rainfall occurrence and to determine the trends of the latter. Daily rainfall data of41 stations in the southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo and Benin for the period 1951–2015 and ClimateHazards Group InfraRed Precipitation data were used. The approach is based on the determination (for eachstation and grid point) of the 95th centile (P95) of precipitations greater than or equal to 1 mm. Results indicatethat rainfall is heavier on the coastal belt than inland (average P95 is 65,4 and 45,5 m/day for coastal and inlandstations res…

Les évaporites Crétacé de la marge du Congo :architecture stratigraphique et model de dépôt

2021

Phylogeographical footprints of the Strait of Gibraltar and Quaternary climatic fluctuations in the western Mediterranean: a case study with the grea…

2005

Correspondance: cosson@supagro.inra.fr; International audience; We used mitochondrial cyt b sequences to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Crocidura russula (sensu lato) populations across the Strait of Gibraltar, western Europe, Maghreb, and the Mediterranean and Atlantic islands. This revealed very low genetic divergence between European and Moroccan populations. The application of a molecular clock previously calibrated for shrews suggested that the separation of European from Moroccan lineages occurred less than 60 000 bp, which is at least 5 million years (Myr) after the reopening of the Strait of Gibraltar. This means that an overwater dispersal event was responsible for t…

Analyze and simulation a dynamic of soil indicators fertility under different agricultural management practices in cotton area of Togo

2011

Using data observed during 20 to 40 years in different agro-ecosystems of Togo, we analyzed soil fertility dynamic under different agricultural management practices. Tree soil C models of varying complexity were tested, and the most accurate in terms of soil C dynamics description in these tropical soils was associated with the QUEFTS model and with nutrient partial balance to analyze the effect of each agricultural management practice. Results indicated that, although fertilizers N, P and K were continuously applied at a recommended rate by the research (RR) or at this rate increased in 50% (1.5RR), initial cotton and cereals yields of 1.5 to 2 t ha˗1 and 2 to 3 t ha˗1, respectively, decre…

Moringa oleifera supplemented foods in South Africa : A multidisciplinary approach combining consumer studies with physico-chemical and nutritional a…

2021

Malnutrition is a major challenge in South Africa (SA), particularly in Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces, which are predominantly black and historically disadvantaged. This thesis aims to assess the potential of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a source of nutritional improvement in the diets of mothers and their children in these provinces. Known for its nutritional benefits, MO is a plant native to India, now cultivated in SA but not widely used for human nutrition. A two-part approach was followed in this thesis. The first part aims to understand how MO is perceived by consumers and how it can be integrated into the South African food repertory. A study of the knowledge, beliefs and consumptio…

Characterization of rhizobia nodulating chickpea in Tunisia

2001

Cent cinquante rhizobia nodulant le pois chiche (Cicer arietinum L.) ont ete isoles a partir de sols echantillonnes dans differentes regions de Tunisie. L'inoculation de la plante hote avec ces isolats montre une variabilite dans le temps d'apparition des premieres nodosites. Cinq isolats induisent des nodosites deux semaines apres inoculation alors que pour les 145 isolats restants les nodosites ne sont observees qu'apres au moins quatre semaines. L'etude par PCR/RFLP de l'ADNr 16S a permis de rattacher les isolats du premier groupe a l'espece Mesorhizobium mediterraneum et ceux du second groupe a l'espece Sinorhizobium medicae. La position taxonomique des isolats a ete confirmee par leurs…

Developing post-primary education in sub-saharan africa

2010

Countries located at the South of Sahara are currently making significant progresses towards universal completion of primary education. Consequently the number of youngsters who knock at the door of secondary education is much increasing creating strong structural pressures on all segments of post-primary schooling. Identification of a strategy helping to cope with this issue in a sustainable way constitutes a major challenge for educational policies in all countries of the region. The research undertaken aims, in the diversity of national context, at exploring a large array of policy options (in terms of quantity, input mix and quality of services and modalities of financing) that could be…

L'enseignement post-primaire en Afrique subsaharienne : viabilité financière des différentes options de développement

2010

Countries located at the South of Sahara are currently making significant progresses towards universal completion of primary education. Consequently the number of youngsters who knock at the door of secondary education is much increasing creating strong structural pressures on all segments of post-primary schooling. Identification of a strategy helping to cope with this issue in a sustainable way constitutes a major challenge for educational policies in all countries of the region. The research undertaken aims, in the diversity of national context, at exploring a large array of policy options (in terms of quantity, input mix and quality of services and modalities of financing) that could be…