Search results for " Alcohol."

Impaired Kupffer Cell Self-Renewal Alters the Liver Response to Lipid Overload during Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

2020

International audience; Kupffer cells (KCs) are liver-resident macrophages that self-renew by proliferation in the adult independently from monocytes. However, how they are maintained during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains ill defined. We found that a fraction of KCs derived from Ly-6C+ monocytes during NASH, underlying impaired KC self-renewal. Monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) gradually seeded the KC pool as disease progressed in a response to embryo-derived KC (EmKC) death. Those MoKCs were partly immature and exhibited a pro-inflammatory status compared to EmKCs. Yet, they engrafted the KC pool for the long term as they remained following disease regression while acquiring matur…

2018

The origin of substrate preference in promiscuous enzymes was investigated by enzyme isotope labelling of the alcohol dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (BsADH). At physiological temperature, protein dynamic coupling to the reaction coordinate was insignificant. However, the extent of dynamic coupling was highly substrate-dependent at lower temperatures. For benzyl alcohol, an enzyme isotope effect larger than unity was observed, whereas the enzyme isotope effect was close to unity for isopropanol. Frequency motion analysis on the transition states revealed that residues surrounding the active site undergo substantial displacement during catalysis for sterically bulky alcohol…

Mechanistic study of the biosynthesis of R-phenylcarbinol by acetohydroxyacid synthase enzyme using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simu…

2021

Abstract The biosynthesis of R-phenylacetylcarbinol (R-PAC) by the acetohydroxy acid synthase, (AHAS) is addressed by molecular dynamics simulations (MD), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and QM/MM free energy calculations. The results show the reaction starts with the nucleophilic attack of the C2α atom of the HEThDP intermediate on the Cβ atom of the carbonyl group of benzaldehyde substrate via the formation of a transition state (TS1) with the HEThDP intermediate under 4′-aminopyrimidium (APH+) form. The calculated activation free energy for this step is 17.4 kcal mol−1 at 27 °C. From this point, the reaction continues with the abstraction of Hβ atom of the HEThDP in…

Genetic contribution to alcohol dependence: Investigation of a heterogeneous german sample of individuals with alcohol dependence, chronic alcoholic …

2017

The present study investigated the genetic contribution to alcohol dependence (AD) using genome-wide association data from three German samples. These comprised patients with: (i) AD; (ii) chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (ACP); and (iii) alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC). Single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses were conducted. A significant association was detected for the ADH1B locus in a gene-based approach (puncorrected = 1.2 × 10-6; pcorrected = 0.020). This was driven by the AD subsample. No association with ADH1B was found in the combined ACP + ALC sample. On first inspection, this seems surprising, since ADH1B is a robustly replicated risk gene for AD and may therefore be …

Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers

2017

indexation en cours; PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current review summarizes and discusses current knowledge on sweeteners and sweetness enhancers. RECENT FINDINGS: The perception of sweet taste is mediated by the type 1 taste receptor 2 (T1R2)/type 1 taste receptor 3 (T1R3) receptor, which is expressed in the oral cavity, where it provides input on the caloric and macronutrient contents of ingested food. This receptor recognizes all the compounds (natural or artificial) perceived as sweet by people. Sweeteners are highly chemically diverse including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. This single receptor is also the target for developing …

Corrigendum to: “Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort”☆ (J Hepatol…

2021

Binge Eating and Binge Drinking: A Two-Way Road? An Integrative Review

2019

Unhealthy diet and alcohol are serious health problems, especially in adolescents and young adults. “Binge” is defined as the excessive and uncontrolled consumption of food (binge eating) and alcohol (binge drinking). Both behaviors are frequent among young people and have a highly negative impact on health and quality of life. Several studies have explored the causes and risk factors of both behaviors, and the evidence concludes that there is a relationship between the two behaviors. In addition, some research postulates that binge eating is a precipitating factor in the onset and escalation of excessive alcohol consumption, while other studies suggest that alcohol consumption leads to ex…

Synthesis and characterization of new 1,4 and 1,5-disubstituted glucopyranosyl 1,2,3-triazole by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

2009

Abstract A series of 1,4 and 1,5-disubstituted 1-(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-1,2,3-triazoles has been prepared in an efficient manner with excellent yields using the intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1-azido-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β- d -glucopyranose 2 to a variety of substituted alkynes phenylacethylene 3, propargyl alcohol 4, 2-butyn-1,4-diol, 5, 3-propargylbenzimidazole 6 and propargylpyrazole 7 in toluene. The reaction takes place with the formation of both 4- and 5-regioisomers.

Application of replicated difference testing

2000

International audience; In a recent paper, Brockho€ and Schlich (1998, Handling replications in discrimination tests. Food Quality and Preference, 9(5), 303±312) proposed a statistically sound way of handling replications in di€erence testing. In the present paper, this new test is applied to the data obtained in six experiments on non alcoholic beverages, where triangle tests were intensively replicated (between eight and 60 times) with groups of subjects composed of 12±61 students. The paper aims to estimate in these practical situations the extent to which a group of panelists is heterogeneous towards the ability of detecting a sensory di€erence among two products. As the results indicat…

Influence of cell immobilization on the production of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol by the white-rot fungi Bjerkandera adusta, Ischnoderma benzoinu…

1997

International audience; Three white-rot basidiomycetes, Bjerkandera adusta, Ischnoderma benzoinum and Dichomitus squalens, were cultivated on a liquid medium supplemented with l-phenylalanine, a precursor for benzaldehyde (bitter almond aroma) and benzyl alcohol. Remarkable amounts of benzaldehyde (587 mg l−1) were found in cultures of B. adusta. Immobilization of this fungus on polyurethane foam cubes allowed an 8.3-fold increase of the production of benzaldehyde and a 15-fold increase of the productivity as compared with non-immobilized cells. Aryl-alcohol oxidase activity was only detected in B. adusta. This activity was also significantly enhanced in immobilized cells, suggesting that i…