Search results for " Algebra"
showing 10 items of 2082 documents
Nilpotent length and system permutability
2022
Abstract If C is a class of groups, a C -injector of a finite group G is a subgroup V of G with the property that V ∩ K is a C -maximal subgroup of K for all subnormal subgroups K of G. The classical result of B. Fischer, W. Gaschutz and B. Hartley states the existence and conjugacy of F -injectors in finite soluble groups for Fitting classes F . We shall show that for groups of nilpotent length at most 4, F -injectors permute with the members of a Sylow basis in the group. We shall exhibit the construction of a Fitting class and a group of nilpotent length 5, which fail to satisfy the result and show that the bound is the best possible.
Computing the Kekulé structure count for alternant hydrocarbons
2002
A fast computer algorithm brings computation of the permanents of sparse matrices, specifically, molecular adjacency matrices. Examples and results are presented, along with a discussion of the relationship of the permanent to the Kekule structure count. A simple method is presented for determining the Kekule structure count of alternant hydrocarbons. For these hydrocarbons, the square of the Kekule structure count is equal to the permanent of the adjacency matrix. In addition, for alternant structures the adjacency matrix for N atoms can be written in such a way that only an N/2 × N/2 matrix need be evaluated. The Kekule structure count correlates with topological indices. The inclusion of…
On the identities of the Grassmann algebras in characteristicp>0
2001
In this note we exhibit bases of the polynomial identities satisfied by the Grassmann algebras over a field of positive characteristic. This allows us to answer the following question of Kemer: Does the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra with 1, over an infinite fieldK of characteristic 3, satisfy all identities of the algebraM 2(K) of all 2×2 matrices overK? We give a negative answer to this question. Further, we show that certain finite dimensional Grassmann algebras do give a positive answer to Kemer's question. All this allows us to obtain some information about the identities satisfied by the algebraM 2(K) over an infinite fieldK of positive odd characteristic, and to conjecture ba…
Construction de Triplets Spectraux à Partir de Modules de Fredholm
1998
Soit (A, H, F) un module de Fredholm p-sommable, où l'algèbre A = CT est engendrée par un groupe discret Gamma d'éléments unitaires de L(H) qui est de croissance polynomiale r. On construit alors un triplet spectral (A, H, D) sommabilité q pour tout q > p + r + 1 avec F = signD. Dans le cas où (A, H, F) est (p, infini)-sommable on obtient la (q, infini)-sommabilité de (A, H, D)pour tout q > p + r + 1. Let (A, H, F) be a p-summable Fredholm module where the algebra A = CT is generated by a discrete group of unitaries in L(H) which is of polynomial growth r. Then we construct a spectral triple (A, H, D) with F = signD which is q-summable for each q > p + r + 1. In case (A, H, F) is (p, infini…
Structure of Kac-Moody groups
2008
For a phys ic i s t , a Kac-Moody algebra is the current algebra of a quantum f i e l d theory model in I + I space-time dimensions with an in terna l symmetry group G [ I ] . A More p rec ise ly , l e t ~ be the Lie algebra of G . The Kac-Moody algebra g is a one-dimensional central extension of the loop algebra Map(S I , g ) . I f f l ' f2 C Map(S I ,~ ) , then the commutator is defined point -wise,
Semisimple Lie Algebras
1989
Let F be the field of real or complex numbers. A Lie algebra is a vector space g over F with a Lie product (or commutator) [·,·]: g × g → g such that $$x \mapsto \left[ {x,y} \right]\;is\;linear\;for\;any\;y \in g,$$ (1) $$\left[ {x,y} \right] =- \left[ {y,x} \right],$$ (2) $$\left[ {x,\left[ {y,z} \right]} \right] + \left[ {y,\left[ {z,x} \right]} \right] + \left[ {z,\left[ {x,y} \right]} \right] = 0.$$ (3) The last condition is called the Jacobi identity. From (1) and (2) it follows that also y ↦ [x,y] is linear for any x ∈ g. In this chapter we shall consider only fini te-dimensional Lie algebras. In any vector space g one can always define a trivial Lie product [x,y] = 0. A Lie algebra …
Varieties with at most quadratic growth
2010
Let V be a variety of non necessarily associative algebras over a field of characteristic zero. The growth of V is determined by the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of codimensions cn(V); n = 1; 2, … and here we study varieties of polynomial growth. Recently, for any real number a, 3 < a < 4, a variety V was constructed satisfying C1n^a < cn(V) < C2n^a; for some constants C1;C2. Motivated by this result here we try to classify all possible growth of varieties V such that cn(V) < Cn^a; with 0 < a < 2, for some constant C. We prove that if 0 < a < 1 then, for n large, cn(V) ≤ 1, whereas if V is a commutative variety and 1 < a < 2, then lim logn cn(V) = 1 o…
Central idempotents and units in rational group algebras of alternating groups
1998
Let ℚAn be the group algebra of the alternating group over the rationals. By exploiting the theory of Young tableaux, we give an explicit description of the minimal central idempotents of ℚAn. As an application we construct finitely many generators for a subgroup of finite index in the centre of the group of units of ℚAn.
The Structure Group and the Permutation Group of a Set-Theoretic Solution of the Quantum Yang–Baxter Equation
2021
We describe the left brace structure of the structure group and the permutation group associated to an involutive, non-degenerate set-theoretic solution of the quantum YangBaxter equation by using the Cayley graph of its permutation group with respect to its natural generating system. We use our descriptions of the additions in both braces to obtain new properties of the structure and the permutation groups and to recover some known properties of these groups in a more transparent way.
Y-proper graded cocharacters and codimensions of upper triangular matrices of size 2, 3, 4
2012
Abstract Let F be a field of characteristic 0. We consider the upper triangular matrices with entries in F of size 2, 3 and 4 endowed with the grading induced by that of Vasilovsky. In this paper we give explicit computation for the multiplicities of the Y -proper graded cocharacters and codimensions of these algebras.