Search results for " Allocation"
showing 10 items of 502 documents
Hippocampo-cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits.
2009
Hippocampal functioning, in the form of theta band oscillation, has been shown to modulate and predict cerebellar learning of which rabbit eyeblink conditioning is perhaps the most well-known example. The contribution of hippocampal neural activity to cerebellar learning is only possible if there is a functional connection between the two structures. Here, in the context of trace eyeblink conditioning, we show (1) that, in addition to the hippocampus, prominent theta oscillation also occurs in the cerebellum, and (2) that cerebellar theta oscillation is synchronized with that in the hippocampus. Further, the degree of phase synchrony (PS) increased both as a response to the conditioning sti…
Conflict between co-occurring manipulative parasites? An experimental study of the joint influence of two acanthocephalan parasites on the behaviour …
2000
When two parasite species are manipulators and have different definitive hosts, there is a potential for conflict between them. Selection may then exist for either avoiding hosts infected with conflicting parasites, or for hijacking, i.e. competitive processes to gain control of the intermediate host. The evidence for both phenomena depends largely on the study of the relative competitive abilities of parasites within their common intermediate host. We studied the effects of simultaneous infection by a fish acanthocephalan parasite, Pomphorhynchus laevis, and a bird acanthocephalan parasite, Polymorphus minutus, on the behaviour of their common intermediate host, the amphipod Gammarus pulex…
Curcumin inhibits in vitro and in vivo chronic myelogenous leukemia cells growth : a possible role for exosomal disposal of miR-21
2015
// Simona Taverna 1 , Marco Giallombardo 1 , Marzia Pucci 1 , Anna Flugy 1 , Mauro Manno 2 , Samuele Raccosta 2 , Christian Rolfo 3 , Giacomo De Leo 1 , Riccardo Alessandro 1, 4 1 Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Universita di Palermo, Italy 2 Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Palermo, Italy 3 Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit Oncology Department and Center of Oncological Research (CORE), University Hospital Antwerp & Antwerp University, Belgium 4 Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy Correspondence to: Riccardo Alessandro, e-mail: riccardo.alessandro@unipa.it Keywords: e…
Males influence maternal effects that promote sexual selection: a quantitative genetic experiment with dung beetles Onthophagus taurus
2003
J.S.K. was funded by the Academy of Finland, L.W.S. by the Australian Research Council, J.H. by an Australian Postgraduate Award, and J.L.T. by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the University of Western Australia. Recently, doubt has been cast on studies supporting good genes sexual selection by the suggestion that observed genetic benefits for offspring may be confounded by differential maternal allocation. In traditional analyses, observed genetic sire effects on offspring phenotype may result from females allocating more resources to the offspring of attractive males. However, maternal effects such as differential allocation may represent a mechanism promoting genetic sire effects…
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and absorption of flumequine in the rat.
1999
Abstract The study demonstrates that the oral extent of bioavailability of flumequine in the rat, relative to the intravenous injection, is complete (0.94±0.04) and not significantly different from that found by the intraduodenal route (0.95±0.04). The rate of oral bioavailability, however, is slow ( k a =1.20±0.07 h −1 ; T max =2.0 h), but enough to maintain plasma levels above the minimal inhibitory concentration of the most common pathogens for an extended period of time (about 10 h). The reason for the oral absorption slowness could be a slow gastric emptying, an adsorption to the gastric mucosae, a precipitation in the gastric medium or any other feature concerning the stomach as the i…
Heme oxygenase-1: a novel key player in the development of tolerance in response to organic nitrates.
2007
Objective— Nitrate tolerance is likely attributable to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to an inhibition of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2), representing the nitroglycerin (GTN) and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) bioactivating enzyme, and to impaired nitric oxide bioactivity and signaling. We tested whether differences in their capacity to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) might explain why PETN and not GTN therapy is devoid of nitrate and cross-tolerance. Methods and Results— Wistar rats were treated with PETN or GTN (10.5 or 6.6 μg/kg/min for 4 days). In contrast to GTN, PETN did not induce nitrate tolerance or cross-tolerance as assess…
Forest fragmentation is associated with primary brood sex ratio in the treecreeper (Certhia familiaris).
2003
We studied the primary brood sex ratio of an old-growth forest passerine, the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris), along a gradient of forest fragmentation. We found evidence that male nestlings were more costly to produce, since they suffered twofold higher nestling mortality and were larger in body size than females. Furthermore, the proportion of males in the brood was positively associated with the provisioning rate and the amount of food delivered to the nestlings. During the first broods, a high edge density and a high proportion of pine forests around the nests were related to a decreased production of males. The densities of spiders, the main food of the treecreeper, were 38% …
Neuroprotective effect of Fn14 deficiency is associated with induction of the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) pathway in experimental s…
2010
Using a transgenic mouse model of ischemic stroke we checked for a possible interaction of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) which often cause thromboses as well as central nervous system (CNS) involvement under non-thrombotic conditions and the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway known to be adversely involved in inflammatory and ischemic brain disease. After 7 days, infarct volumes were reduced in Fn14 deficient mice and were further decreased by aPL treatment. This was associated with strongest increase of the endogenous neuroprotective G-CSF/G-CSF receptor system. This unexpected beneficial action of aPL is an example for a non-thrombogenic action and the double-edged nature of aPL.
Effects of a preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract combined with trace elements and multivitamins against hepatotoxin-induced chronic…
1987
A preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract which has been shown to exert anti-hepatotoxic activity in vitro, combined with trace elements and multi-vitamins was compared to placebo in 24 elderly out-patients with toxin-induced (alcohol and drugs) chronic liver disease in order to evaluate its effect on liver function. Each patient was blindly treated either with the preparation containing ginseng extract or placebo for 12 weeks. The preparation containing ginseng extract significantly modified bromsulphthalein retention and blood zinc levels when compared to pre-treatment levels and to placebo. Serum bile acids, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase before and after a fatty meal were …
Early albumin infusion improves global and local hemodynamics and reduces inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock.
2002
Objective To evaluate the effects of an early, short-term albumin infusion on mesenteric microcirculation and global hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock. Design A prospective, randomized study. Setting Animal laboratory at a university medical clinic. Subjects Seventeen Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250–400 g. Interventions The rats underwent median laparotomy and exteriorization of an ileal loop for intravital microscopy of the mesenteric microcirculation. Volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock was provoked by arterial blood withdrawal (2.5 mL/100 g body weight for 60 mins), followed by a 4-hr reperfusion period. Albumin (20%) or 0.9% NaCl was administered intravenously as a continuous infusion …