Search results for " Atomic"

showing 10 items of 1098 documents

Mechanical Properties of Human Patellar Tendon at the Hierarchical levels of Tendon and Fibril

2012

Tendons are strong hierarchical structures, but how tensile forces are transmitted between different levels remains incompletely understood. Collagen fibrils are thought to be primary determinants of whole tendon properties, and therefore we hypothesized that the whole human patellar tendon and its distinct collagen fibrils would display similar mechanical properties. Human patellar tendons ( n = 5) were mechanically tested in vivo by ultrasonography. Biopsies were obtained from each tendon, and individual collagen fibrils were dissected and tested mechanically by atomic force microscopy. The Young's modulus was 2.0 ± 0.5 GPa, and the toe region reached 3.3 ± 1.9% strain in whole patellar …

AdultMalemusculoskeletal diseasesMaterials sciencePhysiologymacromolecular substancesFibrilMicroscopy Atomic ForceCollagen fibrilPatellar LigamentPhysiology (medical)Elastic ModulusUltimate tensile strengthMicroscopymedicineHumansAtomic force microscopyta1182ta3141Anatomymusculoskeletal systemPatellar tendonTendonBiomechanical Phenomenamedicine.anatomical_structureCollagenStress Mechanical
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Synergism between exposure to mercury and use of iodine supplements on thyroid hormones in pregnant women

2015

Objective: To evaluate the association between mercury exposure and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels during pregnancy as well as to explore if there is any synergic action between mercury and intake of iodine from different sources. Methods: The study population was 1407 pregnant women participating in the Spanish INMA birth cohort study. Total mercury concentrations were analyzed in cord blood. Thyroid hormones (THs) were measured in serum samples collected at 13.2 +/- 1.5 weeks of gestation. The association between mercury and TH levels was evaluated with multivariate linear regression models. Effect modification caused by iod…

Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyendocrine systemendocrine system diseasesEndocrine disruptionFluoroimmunoassaychemistry.chemical_elementThyrotropinIodineBiochemistryCohort StudiesPregnancyInternal medicinePrenatal exposuremedicineHumansGeneral Environmental ScienceThyroidPregnancyTriiodothyronineSpectrophotometry AtomicThyroidEnvironmental ExposureMercurymedicine.diseaseFetal BloodMercury (element)Iodine supplementationThyroxineEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryAbsorption PhysicochemicalSpainDietary SupplementsGestationPopulation studyTriiodothyronineFemalehormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsHormoneEnvironmental MonitoringIodine
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ESR response to gamma-rays of alanine pellets containing B(OH)3 or Gd2O3.

2007

ESR response to gamma-irradiation (1-50 Gy) of blends containing alanine and either B(OH)(3) or Gd(2)O(3) is reported. The sensitivity of the alanine--B(OH)(3) blend is comparable to the sensitivity of pure alanine, although its lowest detectable dose, LDD, is smaller ( approximately 1.3 Gy) than that of pure alanine ( approximately 2.9 Gy). Alanine with Gd(2)O(3) is about two times more sensitive than pure alanine, and its LDD is 0.8 Gy. The better sensitivity and LDD are probably due to the high atomic number (Z=64) of gadolinium, which enhances the interaction probability with photons and, consequently, the radical yield. This study suggests that other high-Z atoms may be useful for incr…

AlanineHigh atomic numberRadiationAlanineGadoliniumRadiochemistryPelletsElectron Spin Resonance Spectroscopychemistry.chemical_elementGadoliniumESR; Alanine; B(OH)3; Gd2O3; Sensitivity; Mass energy absorption coefficientMass energy absorption coefficientSensitivitychemistryBoric AcidsIsotopesGd2O3Gamma RaysYield (chemistry)RadiometryB(OH)3ESRBoronApplied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine
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Algebre, Gettoni, Enunciati

2021

The paper aims at describing some differences between the formal languages of Mathematics and the features of Natural Language

Algebra Atomic Formula Utterance Everyday Discourse Logic
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Kinetics of different processes in human insulin amyloid formation.

2007

Human insulin has long been known to form amyloid fibrils under given conditions. The molecular basis of insulin aggregation is relevant for modeling the amyloidogenesis process, which is involved in many pathologies, as well as for improving delivery systems, used for diabetes treatments. Insulin aggregation displays a wide variety of morphologies, from small oligomeric filaments to huge floccules, and therefore different specific processes are likely to be intertwined in the overall aggregation. In the present work, we studied the aggregation kinetics of human insulin at low pH and different temperatures and concentrations. The structure and the morphogenesis of aggregates on a wide range…

AmyloidAmyloidmedicine.medical_treatmentKineticsMicroscopy Atomic ForceFibrilModels BiologicalFluorescencechemistry.chemical_compoundlight-scatteringStructural Biologyamyloid fibrilMicroscopymedicineHumansInsulinScattering RadiationMicroscopy Phase-ContrastBenzothiazolesParticle SizeMolecular BiologyFluorescent Dyesatomic force microscopyInsulinaggregationTemperatureHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationKineticsThiazolesCrystallographyMonomerchemistryBiophysicsThioflavinElongation
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Concanavalin A aggregation and toxicity on cell cultures

2009

A number of neurodegenerative diseases are known to involve protein aggregation. Common mechanisms and structural properties of amyloids are thought to be involved in aggregation-related cytotoxicity. In this context we propose an experimental study on Concanavalin A (Con A) aggregation and use it as a model to study the relationship between cell toxicity and aggregation processes. Depending on solution conditions, Con A aggregation has been monitored by static and dynamic light scattering, Thioflavin T emission, and FTIR absorption. The morphology of different aggregate species was verified by means of Atomic Force Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy. During the aggregation pathway the nati…

AmyloidCell SurvivalBiophysicsApoptosisContext (language use)Protein aggregationMicroscopy Atomic ForceFibrilBiochemistryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundProtein structureCell Line TumorSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredConcanavalin AExtracellularHumansProtein Structure QuaternaryCytotoxicityMolecular BiologyNeuronsbiologyChemistryBiochemistryConcanavalin Abiology.proteinThioflavinProtein aggregation Amyloids Citotoxicity Oligomers
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Design and synthesis of new trehalose-conjugated pentapeptides as inhibitors of Aβ(1-42) fibrillogenesis and toxicity

2009

Aggregation of the amyloid A? peptide and its accumulation into insoluble deposits (plaques) are believed to be the main cause of neuronal dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); small molecules that can interfere with the A? amyloid fibril formation are therefore of interest for a potential therapeutic strategy. Three new trehalose-conjugated peptides of the well known ?-sheet breaker peptide iA?5p,were synthesized. The disaccharide was covalently attached to different sites of the LPFFD peptide chain, i.e. at the N-terminus, C-terminus or at the Asp side chain. CD spectroscopy in different solvents was used to assess changes in the peptide conformation of these compounds. Th…

AmyloidCell SurvivalPeptideMicroscopy Atomic ForceBiochemistryMass Spectrometrychemistry.chemical_compoundbeta-sheet breaker peptideStructural BiologySFMmental disordersDrug DiscoveryAnimalsbeta-sheet breaker peptidesMolecular BiologyCells CulturedChromatography High Pressure LiquidtrehaloseCerebral CortexPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationthioflavin Tbeta-amyloidOrganic ChemistryP3 peptideFibrillogenesisGeneral MedicineTrehaloseSmall moleculeGlycopeptideNeuronal culturesRatsPeptide Conformationneuronal cultureBiochemistrychemistryMolecular MedicineAmyloid-betaPeptidesJournal of Peptide Science
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High-pressure flow-injection assembly. Indirect determination of glycine by atomic absorption spectrometry.

1991

A procedure for the determination of glycine is described. The method is based on the reaction of the analyte with finely powdered, solid copper(II) carbonate in a continuous-flow assembly. The optimum experimental conditions of pH, temperature, sample volume, flow-rate, column length and internal diameter, and the linear range of calibration, were studied. Interference from foreign substances that accompany this amino acid in pharmaceutical formulations was studied, and the method was applied to the determination of glycine.

AnalyteAnalytical chemistryGlycinechemistry.chemical_elementBiochemistryAnalytical Chemistrylaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundlawElectrochemistryCalibrationEnvironmental ChemistrySpectroscopychemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyChemistrySpectrophotometry AtomicTemperatureHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCopperAmino acidLinear rangeGlycineCarbonic AcidCarbonateIndicators and ReagentsAtomic absorption spectroscopyThe Analyst
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Trace elemental composition of curry by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)

2008

A methodology based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion was developed to determine the content of traces elements in curry samples from the Spanish market. The methodology was validated in terms of accuracy by the analysis of citrus and tomato leaf reference materials achieving comparable results with the certified values. The trace metal content of curry samples was compared with data available from previously published reports concerning Indian samples, especially in terms of heavy metal composition, in order to guarantee the quality of the commercially available spices in the European countries. Values found for th…

Analytical chemistryIndiachemistry.chemical_elementFood ContaminationMurrayaToxicologyLimit of DetectionMetals HeavyHumansmedia_common.cataloged_instanceTrace metalEuropean UnionSpicesEuropean unionMicrowavesArseniccomputer.programming_languagemedia_commonChemistrySpectrophotometry AtomicPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthTrace elementEnvironmental ExposureCurryDietTrace ElementsInductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopyEnvironmental chemistryInductively coupled plasmacomputerFood ScienceNeutron activationFood Additives and Contaminants: Part B
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Optimization of selenium determination in human milk and whole blood by flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometry.

1998

abstract A flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HAAS) method was developed for determining selenium in human milk and whole blood after microwave digestion of the sample. The sample (2 mL human milk or 0.25 mL blood) was introduced into the microwave vessel with 1.5 mL HN03 and 0.25 mL H202 and 300 W (4 min) and 600 W (4 min) were applied. The digestion was completed by heating to 140 C (2-3 h). Se (VI) was reduced to Se (IV) with hydrochloric acid. The instrumental conditions for FI-HAAS (concentrations of reducing agent and carrier acid, flow rate of argon carrier gas, and sample volume injected) were optimized. The detection limit of the proposed method was 0.23 ng/m…

Analytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementHydrochloric acidAnalytical Chemistrylaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundSeleniumlawPregnancyEnvironmental ChemistryHumansMicrowave digestionWhole bloodPharmacologyDetection limitFlow injection analysisChromatographyMilk HumanSpectrophotometry AtomicchemistryFlow Injection AnalysisFemaleIndicators and ReagentsAtomic absorption spectroscopyAgronomy and Crop ScienceQuantitative analysis (chemistry)SeleniumFood ScienceJournal of AOAC International
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