Search results for " Autonomic"

Maintenance of iodine intake

2013

Dietary iodine status is routinely assessed by measuring urinary iodine excretion (UI). In most European countries iodine intake is maintained at WHO recommended levels by iodisation of table salt [1]. Exceptions to this practice include Ireland and the UK where only 5% (approximately) of table salt sold is iodine supplemented. However despite the finding of relatively low median UI values in study populations in both Ireland and the UK [2-4] there is little evidence of an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism, overt or subclinical, of non autoimmune pathogenesis [5-8]. In this communication studies on iodine status in the Irish population over the years 1988-2007 are reviewed, as are inve…

Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Novel Estrogen Analogs in Ischemia: Translational Implications

2010

This review highlights our investigations into the neuroprotective efficacy of estradiol and other estrogenic agents in a clinically relevant animal model of transient global ischemia, which causes selective, delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons and associated cognitive deficits. We find that estradiol rescues a significant number of CA1 pyramidal neurons that would otherwise die in response to global ischemia, and this is true when hormone is provided as a long-term pretreatment at physiological doses or as an acute treatment at the time of reperfusion. In addition to enhancing neuronal survival, both forms of estradiol treatment induce measurable cognitive benefit in young animals. Mo…

Seabream (Sparus aurata) long-term dominant-subordinate interplay affects phagocytosis by peritoneal cavity cells.

2012

Fish are sensitive to stressful conditions that affect their innate immune systems and increase their susceptibility to diseases. We examined the social stress of paired gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Social hierarchies (dominant/subordinate) were characterised by behavioural changes, such as “aggressiveness” and “feeding order”; hierarchical positions were established within an hour of exposure to social stress and remained unchanged for approximately 1 year. To characterise physiological stress, we measured blood plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate as well as osmolarity and observed that the levels of these stress markers were higher in subordinate individuals than in domi…

Hair cortisol predicts avoidance behavior and depressiveness after first-time and single-event trauma exposure in motor vehicle crash victims

2020

The role of cortisol as a premorbid vulnerability factor for trauma sequelae remains unclear. Furthermore, the onset of long-term endocrine changes in response to first-time trauma as a function of later psychopathology is not clarified yet. Thus the predictive value of pre- and post-traumatic hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) for psychological trauma sequelae was investigated in response to motor vehicle crash (MVC). A total of

How acute physical and psychological stress differentially influence the kynurenine pathway: A randomized cross-over trial.

2021

Abstract Psychological stress is associated with the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, physical stress, as provoked by exercise, counteracts symptoms and potentially also disease progression. The kynurenine pathway, which is imbalanced in neuropsychiatric disorders, responds to both psychological and physical stress. Here, we compared the acute effects of psychological versus physical stress on the kynurenine pathway and inflammatory mediators. Thirty-five healthy males (mean age: 24.09±3.39 years) underwent both the Trier Social Stress Test (psychological stressor) and the Wingate-Test (physical stressor). The kinetics of tryptophan and its metabolites as wel…

2019

OBJECTIVE With a combination of different sympathetic tests, we aimed to elucidate whether impairment of sympathetic function in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the consequence of a central or peripheral efferent dysfunction. METHODS Thirty-five patients with early-to-intermediate PD (median age: 63 years; IQR: 57-67 years; disease duration 1-9 years, 15 women) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (median age: 64.5 years; IQR: 58-68 years; 10 women) were recruited. Autonomic testing was performed in two subgroups and included the assessment of resting cardiovascular parameters, postprandial hypotension (PPH), orthostatic hypotension (OH), and vasoconstriction induced by intradermal micr…

The neuro-B cell link of peptidergic innervation in the Bursa Fabricii

1991

The Bursa Fabricii, restricted to birds, specifically provides the microenvironment for B-cell maturation. The presence of nerve fibers containing immunopotent neuropeptides in immune organs opens interesting perspectives on the understanding of neuroimmune communication. As an organ for the development of only B-lymphocytes is not known in mammals, the contribution of a peptidergic innervation to the microenvironment of B-cells is not known. Therefore, we studied the peptidergic innervation of the Bursa Fabricii as an organ of B-cell maturation. Four different neuropeptides were found in nerve fibers of the Bursa Fabricii: tachykinins (TK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin (GAL…

Response to the comment on "Can stress biomarkers predict preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor?"

2017

Perinatal high-fat diet increases hippocampal vulnerability to the adverse effects of subsequent high-fat feeding

2015

Epidemiological observations report an increase in fat consumption associated with low intake of n-3 relative to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in women of childbearing age. However, the impact of these maternal feeding habits on cognitive function in the offspring is unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of early exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) with an unbalanced n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio on hippocampal function in adult rats. Furthermore, we explored the effects of perinatal HFD combined with exposure to HFD after weaning. Dams were fed a control diet (C, 12% of energy from lipids, n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio: 5) or HFD (HF, 39% of energy from lipids, n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio: 39) th…

Persistent skin ulcers, mutilations, and acro-osteolysis in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with phospholipid excretion

1989

We observed three children in a Turkish family who from early childhood had deformations of the feet and torpid ulcers with subfocal osteomyelitis and osteolysis, which subsequently led to amputations. The fingers showed ainhumlike constriction bands and spontaneous amputations. Neurologic studies revealed an almost complete sensory and autonomic loss affecting all modalities and a marked involvement of motor fibers. The clinical symptoms fulfill many of the hallmarks of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II, including autosomal recessive inheritance, onset of symptoms in childhood, and mutilating acropathy. A high urinary excretion of sphingomyelin and lecithin suggests that …