Search results for " Basic"
showing 10 items of 10515 documents
Targeted Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Specific Metabolic Alterations in High-Grade Prostate Cancer Patients
2020
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a hormone-dependent tumor characterized by an extremely heterogeneous prognosis. Despite recent advances in partially uncovering some of the biological processes involved in its progression, there is still an urgent need for identifying more accurate and specific prognostic procedures to differentiate between disease stages. In this context, targeted approaches, focused on mapping dysregulated metabolic pathways, could play a critical role in identifying the mechanisms driving tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, a targeted analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic profile of PCa patients with different tumor grades, guided by transcriptom…
Aggressive variants of prostate cancer – Are we ready to apply specific treatment right now?
2019
Recently, adoption of novel drugs for systemic treatment of metastatic prostate cancer has led to a striking improvement of response rate and survival in both hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant disease. In most cases, prostate cancer essentially depends on androgen receptor signaling axis, even in castration-resistant setting, and hence may be targeted by second generation hormonal therapy. However, a subset of patients bears androgen-independent cancer biology with a short-term response to hormonal treatment, early and extensive visceral metastases, low PSA levels and poor outcomes. Identification and specific management of these rapidly fatal malignancies is of an unmet medical ne…
Diagnostic strategy in segmentation defect of the vertebrae: a retrospective study of 73 patients
2018
BackgroundSegmentation defects of the vertebrae (SDV) are non-specific features found in various syndromes. The molecular bases of SDV are not fully elucidated due to the wide range of phenotypes and classification issues. The genes involved are in the Notch signalling pathway, which is a key system in somitogenesis. Here we report on mutations identified in a diagnosis cohort of SDV. We focused on spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) and the phenotype of these patients in order to establish a diagnostic strategy when confronted with SDV.Patients and methodsWe used DNA samples from a cohort of 73 patients and performed targeted sequencing of the five known SCD-causing genes (DLL3,MESP2,LFNG,HES7…
Session 2: Are we ready for primary chemotherapy in rectal cancer: who, when, why?
2018
The potential of preoperative chemotherapy in rectal cancer is the subject of investigation in a number of global randomized trials. In this overview and expert discussion, Professor Cervantes summarizes the findings of numerous Phase II trials testing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The crucial points in the next phase of trials include: patient selection, whether radiotherapy can be omitted altogether and whether chemotherapy can be used to augment the initial response to chemoradiotherapy. Finally, with the emergence of Magnetic Resonance Tumour Regression Grade a reliable method for assessing response after initial chemoradiotherapy, we ask if this can be used to drive the use of further sele…
Exosomal HSP70 for Monitoring of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical and FDG-PET Correlation
2019
We aimed to study the expression of circulating heat-shock protein HSP70 and exosomes in plasma of a cohort of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) at different stages. We performed correlations with clinical scales and FDG-PET. HSP70 levels were higher within exosomes than free in plasma. Moderate correlations were found between exosomal HSP70 and CDR, FTLD-CDR, and extension of hypometabolism. Our results suggest modifications in the level of exosomal HSP70 during the course of neurodegeneration, regardless of AD or FTD, and therefore HSP70 could have a potential role in the follow-up of these disorders.
Shared Genetic Etiology of Obesity-Related Traits and Barrett's Esophagus/Adenocarcinoma: Insights from Genome-Wide Association Studies
2020
Abstract Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Research suggests that individuals with high genetic risk to obesity have a higher BE/EA risk. To facilitate understanding of biological factors that lead to progression from BE to EA, the present study investigated the shared genetic background of BE/EA and obesity-related traits. Methods: Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to summary statistics from genome-wide association meta-analyses on BE/EA and on obesity traits. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a proxy for general obesity, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for abdominal obesity. …
The comparison of outcomes from tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy in second- or third-line for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with …
2016
// Giuseppe Bronte 1, * , Tindara Franchina 2, * , Massimiliano Alu 3, * , Giovanni Sortino 1 , Claudia Celesia 1 , Francesco Passiglia 1 , Giuseppina Savio 3 , Agata Laudani 3 , Alessandro Russo 2 , Antonio Picone 2 , Sergio Rizzo 1 , Michele De Tursi 4 , Elisabetta Gambale 4 , Viviana Bazan 1 , Clara Natoli 4 , Livio Blasi 3 , Vincenzo Adamo 2 , Antonio Russo 1 1 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Medical Oncology Unit-AOOR Papardo-Piemonte, Messina and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy 3 Medical Oncology Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Palermo, Italy 4 Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological …
Combined prognostic value of CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCDI (PD-1) expression and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer as per mismatch repair status
2019
The CD274 (programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death-1, PD-1) pathway is crucial suppressor of the cytotoxic immune response. Antibodies targeting CD274 or PDCD1 have been revealed to be effective in several malignancies. In colorectal cancer, the response to CD274/PDCD1 blockage is associated with microsatellite instability. However, the value of CD274/PDCD1 for predicting response to treatment or survival benefit is still unclear. The aims of the study were (1) to clarify differences in immune microenvironment and expression of checkpoint proteins (CD274/PDCD1) in DNA mismatch repair-proficient, mismatch repair-deficient, and hereditary Lynch syndrome-associated …
Ibrutinib versus temsirolimus in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma : an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study
2016
Mantle-cell lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Both ibrutinib and temsirolimus have shown single-agent activity in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. We undertook a phase 3 study to assess the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib versus temsirolimus in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma.This randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 clinical trial enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma confirmed by central pathology in 21 countries who had received one or more rituximab-containing treatments. Patients were stratified by previous therapy and simplified mantle-cell lymphoma international prognostic index…
A Multi-Locus Genetic Risk Score for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Variants Is Associated with POAG Risk in a Mediterranean Population: Inverse …
2017
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The genetics of POAG are complex, and population-specific effects have been reported. Although many polymorphisms associated with POAG risk have been reported, few studies have analyzed their additive effects. We investigated, in a southern European Mediterranean population, the association between relevant POAG polymorphisms, identified by initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and POAG risk, both separately and as an aggregated multi-locus genetic risk score (GRS). Also, bearing in mind that oxidative stress is a factor increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of POAG, we analyzed the potential assoc…