Search results for " Behaviour"
showing 10 items of 1096 documents
Intervindre en prosocialitat a l’àmbit educatiu: una revisió sistemàtica
2018
El present treball se centra a realitzar una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura, referent a la intervenció prosocial en estudiants a etapes preuniversitàries. El principal objectiu és analitzar les propostes d’intervenció prosocial en Educació Infantil, Primària i Secundària, i observar els efectes que tenen sobre la conducta. La revisió s’ha fet mitjançant 19 articles obtinguts de la base de dades Web of Science, Scopus (wos), Dialnet, ResearchGate i PubMed. Els resultats mostren la rellevància d’intervindre a l’àmbit educatiu preuniversitari a través de programes que fomenten el desenvolupament socioemocional que conseqüentment provoquen un augment de les conductes prosocial i la compet…
Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
2021
Gambling Disorder is a prevalent non-substance use disorder, which contrasts with the low number of people requesting treatment. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) could help to enhance the dissemination of evidence-based treatments and considerably reduce the costs. The current study seeks to assess the efficacy of an online psychological intervention for people suffering from gambling problems in Spain. The proposed study will be a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. A total of 134 participants (problem and pathological gamblers) will be randomly allocated to a waiting list control group (N = 67) or an intervention group (N = 67). The intervention program i…
Power and language in a multicultural workplace
2015
Today’s work markets are increasingly shaped by the multilingual reality. The present research offers an intercultural communication perspective on language diversity and power relations at modern work environment. Study investigates how young professionals and their foreign colleagues perceive diversity affecting in their communicative behaviours in culturally heterogeneous workplace. Analysis of data from participants has been conducted through an analysis of open ended self‐report questionnaire in a multinational company where English is used daily as a corporate language. In particular, results of present study indicate that more diverse language skills are attributed to perception of p…
Activity of orally self-administered acetaldehyde in an operant/conflict paradigm in rats; involvement of cannabinoid cb1 receptors
2012
Acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol first metabolite, interacts with the dopaminergic reward system, and with the neuropeptidergic transmission in the hypothalamus. Self-administration within operant conditioning is a valid model to investigate drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviour in rats. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are involved in reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behaviour and of many other drugs of abuse (3). Accordingly, this study was aimed at the evaluation of: 1) the motivational properties of oral ACD in the induction and maintenance of an operant-drinking behaviour; 2) the onset of a relapse drinking behaviour, following ACD deprivation; 3) ACD effect in a conflict situation employing the …
Organizational and activational effects of testosterone on risk-taking in economical behavior: A systematic review
2017
Resumen El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar la influencia de la testosterona circulante (efectos activacionales) y de la exposición prenatal a ella (efectos organizacionales) sobre la asunción de riesgos en conductas económicas, evaluando los trabajos de investigación existentes hasta la fecha acerca de la temática. La base bibliográfica analizada se obtuvo de distintas bases de datos especializadas en el ámbito de la psicología y las neurociencias. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen en una relación contrastada entre la testosterona circulante y la asunción de riesgo financiero. En lo referente a la exposición prenatal se evidencia un estado inmaduro de la investigación sobr…
Predictors of improved eating behaviour following body image therapy: A pilot study
2011
Cognitive processes seem to play a vital role in eating disorders and body image. The current study, therefore, examines the impact and change of dysfunctional cognitions during a body image group therapy, which included 41 patients with an eating disorder. Dysfunctional cognitions were assessed with the 'Eating Disorder Cognition Questionnaire' both before and after treatment. Eating disorder psychopathology was also assessed. Results indicate a significant reduction of dysfunctional cognitions relating to 'body and self-esteem', 'dietary restraint', 'eating and loss of control', as well as 'internalisation and social comparison'. Furthermore, the changes in dysfunctional cognitions were a…
Human voice pitch measures are robust across a variety of speech recordings: methodological and theoretical implications
2021
Fundamental frequency ( f o ), perceived as voice pitch, is the most sexually dimorphic, perceptually salient and intensively studied voice parameter in human nonverbal communication. Thousands of studies have linked human f o to biological and social speaker traits and life outcomes, from reproductive to economic. Critically, researchers have used myriad speech stimuli to measure f o and infer its functional relevance, from individual vowels to longer bouts of spontaneous speech. Here, we acoustically analysed f o in nearly 1000 affectively neutral speech utterances (vowels, words, counting, greetings, read paragraphs and free spontaneous speech) produced by the same 154 men and women, ag…
Working memory capacity affects trade-off between quality and quantity only when stimulus exposure duration is sufficient : Evidence for the two-phas…
2019
AbstractThe relation between visual working memory (VWM) capacity and attention has attracted much interest. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the participants’ VWM capacity and their ability to voluntarily trade off the precision and number of items remembered. The two-phase resource allocation model proposed by Ye et al. (2017) suggests that for a given set size, it takes a certain amount of consolidation time for an individual to control attention to adjust the VWM resources to trade off the precision and number. To verify whether trade-off ability varies across VWM capacity, we measured each individual’s VWM capacity and then conducted a colour recall task to examin…
Associations in physical activity and sedentary behaviour among the immigrant and non-immigrant US population
2020
BackgroundImmigrants are at a higher risk of poor mental and physical health. Regular participation in physical activity (PA) and low levels of sedentary time are beneficial for both these aspects of health. The aim was to investigate levels and trends in domain-specific PA and sedentary behaviour in the US. immigrant compared with non-immigrant populations.MethodsFrom the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a total of 25 142 adults (≥18 years) were included in this analysis. PA and sedentary behaviour time were assessed by a questionnaire.ResultsTransit-related PA showed downward linear trends in young immigrant adults (ptrend=0.006) and middle-aged non-imm…
Large scale and information effects on cooperation in public good games
2019
AbstractThe problem of public good provision is central in economics and touches upon many challenging societal issues, ranging from climate change mitigation to vaccination schemes. However, results which are supposed to be applied to a societal scale have only been obtained with small groups of people, with a maximum group size of 100 being reported in the literature. This work takes this research to a new level by carrying out and analysing experiments on public good games with up to 1000 simultaneous players. The experiments are carried out via an online protocol involving daily decisions for extended periods. Our results show that within those limits, participants’ behaviour and collec…