Search results for " Biodegradation"
showing 10 items of 46 documents
Genome and phenotype microarray analyses of rhodococcus sp. BCP1 and rhodococcus opacus R7: Genetic determinants and metabolic abilities with environ…
2015
In this paper comparative genome and phenotype microarray analyses of Rhodococcus sp. BCP1 and Rhodococcus opacus R7 were performed. Rhodococcus sp. BCP1 was selected for its ability to grow on short-chain n-alkanes and R. opacus R7 was isolated for its ability to grow on naphthalene and on o-xylene. Results of genome comparison, includ- ing BCP1, R7, along with other Rhodococcus reference strains, showed that at least 30% of the genome of each strain presented unique sequences and only 50% of the predicted proteome was shared. To associate genomic features with metabolic capabilities of BCP1 and R7 strains, hundreds of different growth conditions were tested through Phenotype Microarray, b…
Evidence for Natural Horizontal Transfer of the pcpB Gene in the Evolution of Polychlorophenol-Degrading Sphingomonads
2002
ABSTRACT The chlorophenol degradation pathway in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum is initiated by the pcpB gene product, pentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase. The distribution of the gene was studied in a phylogenetically diverse group of polychlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated groundwater in Kärkölä, Finland. All the sphingomonads isolated were shown to share pcpB gene homologs with 98.9 to 100% sequence identity. The gene product was expressed when the strains were induced by 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol. A comparative analysis of the 16S rDNA and pcpB gene trees suggested that a recent horizontal transfer of the pcpB gene was involved in the evolution of the catabolic pat…
Microbial Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene In Vitro and in Natural Environments
2013
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive that was released into soil and water ecosystems mainly due to its massive use during the two world wars.
Amino polyphosphonates - chemical features and practical uses, environmental durability and biodegradation
2012
Growing concerns about the quality of the environment led to the introduction of complex system of safety assessment of synthetically manufactured and commonly applied chemicals. Sometimes, however, our knowledge of consequences that result from the usage of these substances, appears far later, than at the beginning of their application. Such situation is observed in the case of aminopolyphosphonates being an important subgroup of organophosphorus compounds. The increasing industrial and household applications, led to introduce thousand tons of polyphosphonates every year into the environment. These substances are difficult to determine in environmental samples because of lack of appropriat…
Variability of pesticide mineralization in individual soil aggregates of millimeter size
2002
The aim of this study was to compare the 2,4-D mineralization in individual aggregates of millimeter size (3 size classes and 96 aggregates per size class). 14 CO 2 coming from the mineralization of 14 C ring-labeled 2,4-D and evolved by each aggregate incubated in microtiter plates was trapped with barium hydroxide on filters and measured using a Phosphorimager. We observed an important variability of mineralization in aggregates of each size class and in the different size classes of aggregates. The main factors responsible for these fluctuations could be a heterogeneous distribution of degrading microorganisms or of available carbon necessary for cometabolism.
Response of the PCB-contaminated soil bacterial community to applied bioremediation treatments
2011
For full field implementation of the bioremediation as a strategy for cleaning PCB-contaminated soils, the impact of the applied treatment on the microbial community needs to be clarified. An ideal bioremediation should have positive effects on PCB-removal but should pose no treats to the health of the soil ecosystem. Microbes, playing an essential role in maintenance of the soil ecosystem, are the first indicators of a negative impact of soil manipulation to ecosystem. A small-scale bioremediation experiment was conducted in order to get insight into behavior of the microbial community during bioremediation of PCB-contaminated soil, targeting both functional PCB-degrading community (by bph…
Marine organisms as source of bioactive molecules applied in restoration projects
2015
Abstract In recent decades research in the conservation and restoration field has provided sustainable alternatives to traditional procedures for cleaning or controlling the microbial colonization of works of art. In the present study, for the first time novel bioactive molecules extracted from marine invertebrate organisms (Anthozoa) were tested instead of chemical compounds for removing protein layers or as a biocide for controlling fungal or bacterial colonization. In particular, Bioactive Molecules with Protease activity (BMP), acting in a temperature range of 4- 30°C, were tested for the hydrolysis of protein layers on laboratory specimens. The cleaning protocol provides a selective pr…
Degradation of simazine by microorganisms isolated from soils of Spanish olive fields.
2005
Special Issue: Pesticides, Microbial Functions and Biodiversity in Soil; The capability of the microbial flora isolated from an olive field soil from Andalusia to mineralize simazine has been analyzed. From this soil, a group of bacteria capable of degrading 60 mg simazine litre-1 in less than a week has been isolated. These microorganisms showed a low capacity for degrading this herbicide to carbon dioxide. When total DNA was isolated from this group of bacteria, we were able to detect by PCR the presence of only the atzC and the trzN genes. Some components of this bacterial population have been identified by sequencing of specific fragments from bacterial 16S rDNA, including Variovorax sp…
Microbial Adaptation to Boreal Saturated Subsurface: Implications in Bioremediation of Polychlorophenols
2008
Saturated subsurface environments pose challenges to the intrinsic microbiology. Prevailing environmental conditions (temperature, pH, bioavailability of substrates and nutrients) affect microbial biodegradation activity, which is often favored by certain redox conditions. Microbial adaptation in each redox environment proceeds by selection and enrichment of indigenous bacteria, evolution of novel catabolic pathways and horizontal gene transfer (Wilson et al. 1985; van der Meer et al. 1998; Tiirola et al. 2002b). Formation of biofilms enables microbial retainment, co-operation among microorganisms and enhanced gene transfer among organisms (Singh et al. 2006). Chlorophenols are toxic and pe…
CARATTERIZZAZIONE MOLECOLARE DI BATTERI IN REPERTI LIGNEI SOMMERSI
2013
The focus of this study was the identification of bacterial colonies in waterlogged wood fragments from the rostrum of a excellent workmanship, that is very likely one of the wrecks attributed to Sextus Pompey fleet (36 BC) and discovered in Acqualadroni, Messina, Sicily, Italy (2008). The wood samples were analyzed by light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), in vitro culture and molecular technique (DNA base techniques). The results, focused on bacterial consortia, allowed us to reveal the presence of Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp., Xanthomonas sp. besides Marinobacter sp. and Desulforudis audaxviator. A prompt and accurate characterization of bacterial colonization represents one …