Search results for " Biodiversity"

Intérêt d'aménagements paysagers pour la biodiversité : exemple d'ingénierie agroécologique sur le domaine expérimental d'Epoisses (Inra Dijon)

2013

The biodiversity conservation is one of the major agricultural issues of the XXIst century. The intensification of agriculture and the redesign of the agricultural landscape (grouping of fields, …) lead to huge decreases or damages of semi-naturals habitats, known to promote biodiversity at the farm and the landscape scale, and now recognised as “topographic surface equivalence” in France.In the experimental site of Epoisses (INRA of Dijon), a study to design the landscape elements in favour of the biodiversity has been initiated. Improving the management of existing habitats (woods, hedges, ditches, sown grass margin strips), establishing hedges, flower strips, redesigning the field organi…

Biogeography of soil microbial communities: a review and a description of the ongoing french national initiative

2010

International audience; Microbial biogeography is the study of the distribution of microbial diversity on large scales of space and time. This science aims at understanding biodiversity regulation and its link with ecosystem biological functioning, goods and services such as maintenance of productivity, of soil and atmospheric quality, and of soil health. Although the initial concept dates from the early 20th century (Beijerinck (1913) De infusies en de ontdekking der backterien, in: Jaarboek van de Knoniklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Muller, Amsterdam), only recently have an increasing number of studies have investigated the biogeographical patterns of soil microbial diversity. A such …

Avian biodiversity: impacts of pest management strategies and landscape in South-Eastern French apple orchards

2008

National audience; In French apple orchards, the predominant conventional management strategy has resulted insecticide resistance in major pests like codling moth and an increased frequency of environmentally harmful insecticide applications. Organic agriculture as well as IPM represent alternatives to this situation. Impacts on the avifauna of three different management strategies (organic, conventional and integrated) were studied during three years in 15 commercial apple orchards. These orchards were situated around Avignon and had similar contexts in terms of local and landscape features. Our results show that the avifauna differ significantly among the three management strategies with …

Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas

2016

SPE EA Pôle BIOME The Atlas is divided in 8 chapters covering all the aspects of soil biodiversity: - Chapter I: The soil habitat - Chapter II: Diversity of soil organisms - Chapter III: Geographical and temporal distribution - Chapter IV: Ecosystem functions and services - Chapter V: Threats - Chapter VI: Interventions - Chapter VII: Policy, education and outreach - Chapter VIII: Conclusions Soil biodiversity experts from all over the world are involved in the project aiming at the creation of a reference publication not only for soil biodiversity researchers but also policy makers and general public.; International audience; The Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (GSBI) and the Joint Res…

Soil microbial diversity matters for denitrification and reduction of the greenhouse gas N2O

2016

Recherche d'indicateurs de la résistance des sols aux maladies d'origine tellurique

2014

Does landscape influence weed diversity and distribution through modification of weed fitness ?

2013

International audience

Symbiotic underground biodiversity and plant productivity

2007

National audience

Are No-Till Herbicide-Free Systems Possible? A Simulation Study

2022

Conservation agriculture (CA) allows farmers to reduce costs and enhance soil health, buttends to increase either weed infestation and associated crop yield loss, and/or herbicide use.We aimed to investigate how much tillage contributes to reducing weed infestation and yieldloss, and which systems and weed species are the most affected if tillage is deleted. Wecollected farming practices on 395 arable cropping systems from Spain and France, andsimulated them over 30 years and with 10 weather repetitions, using FLORSYS. This processbased model (Colbach et al., 2021, Field Crops Res 261:108006) simulates daily multi-speciesweed floras and crop canopies from cropping systems and pedoclimate ov…

Connecting soil biodiversity to functions and ecosystem services: presentation of case studies and of the EU FP7 project EcoFINDERS

2012

Soils provide essential ecosystem services such as primary production, regulation of biogeochemical cycles and their consequences on climate, water filtration, resistance to pests and diseases, and regulation of above-ground biodiversity. These services result from functions supported by soil organisms. Their abundance, diversity and activities vary according to environmental factors and Human activities. Despite progress made over the last decade in assessing soil biodiversity, the huge reservoir of biodiversity represented by soils remains superficially explored as do the relations between soil biodiversity and functioning. This lack of knowledge is related to the small size of most organ…