Search results for " Bone"
showing 10 items of 933 documents
Association between low-frequency ultrasound and hip fractures - comparison with DXA-based BMD
2013
Background New methods for diagnosing osteoporosis and evaluating fracture risk are being developed. We aim to study the association between low-frequency (LF) axial transmission ultrasound and hip fracture risk in a population-based sample of older women. Methods The study population consisted of 490 community-dwelling women (78–82 years). Ultrasound velocity (VLF) at mid-tibia was measured in 2006 using a low-frequency scanning axial transmission device. Bone mineral density (BMD) at proximal femur measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the reference method. The fracture history of the participants was collected from December 1997 until the end of 2010. Lifestyl…
Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus
1998
The effect of diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and bone mineral density is discussed controversially. Diabetes mellitus due to an autoimmune process seems to be associated with low turnover osteopenia either in the animal model or in children and adolescents. A number of factors are discussed as being involved, but in this age group clinical symptoms are missing. Adult patients of either sex with IDDM show a reduced bone mineral density when measured at peripheral sites such as the distal forearm or the femoral neck, diabetic complications such as neuropathy and microangiopathy seem to pronounce the deficit of bone mass. In these patients, osteopenia is accompanied by a high turnover si…
Relationship of sex hormones to bone geometric properties and mineral density in early pubertal girls.
2004
This study aimed to evaluate the associations among serum 17beta-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), bone geometric properties, and mineral density in 248 healthy girls between the ages of 10 and 13 yr old. The left tibial shaft was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT-2000; Stratec Medizintechnik, GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany). The cortical bone and marrow cavity areas were expressed as proportions of the total tibial cross-sectional area (CSA). Cortical thickness and total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) were also determined. These tibial geometric and densitometric measures were correlated against the serum sex hormone…
Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures among people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2016
Objective: To provide meta-analytical evidence of bone mineral density (BMD), fractures, and osteoporosis rates in eating disorders (ED) vs. healthy controls (HCs). Method: Three independent authors searched major electronic databases from inception till August 2015 for cross-sectional studies reporting BMD in people with ED (anorexia nervosa, (AN); bulimia nervosa, (BN); eating disorders not otherwise specified, (EDNOS)) vs. HCs. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) ±95% and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for BMD, and odds ratios (ORs) for osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures. Results: Overall, 57 studies were eligible, including 21 607 participants (ED = 6485, HCs = 15 122)…
Relation of PvuII site polymorphism in the COL1A2 gene to the risk of fractures in prepubertal Finnish girls.
2003
Genetic susceptibility to fractures may be detectable in early childhood. We evaluated the associations between the polymorphic PvuII site of the COL1A2 gene and bone properties assessed by different modalities (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; peripheral quantitative computed tomography; gel coupling scanning quantitative ultrasonometry; ultrasound bone sonometry), bone turnover markers, and the occurrence of fractures in 244 prepubertal Finnish girls. Tanner stage and physical characteristics did not differ significantly among girls with different COL1A2 genotypes. The polymorphism was not significantly associated with different bone properties or any of the bone turnover markers when gi…
Ipriflavone prevents radial bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass over 2 years.
1997
Two hundred and fifty-five postmenopausal women with distal forearm bone mineral density (BMD) 1 SD below the mean value for normal age-matched postmenopausal subjects were randomly allocated to a 2-year treatment with oral ipriflavone (200 mg t.i.d.) or a matched placebo, according to a double-masked, parallel-group design. All patients also received a 1 g/day calcium supplement. Distal radius BMD and bone metabolism markers were measured at baseline, and every 6 months. Blood haematology and chemistry and physical parameters were monitored at the same time. One hundred and ninety-six patients completed 2 years of treatment. BMD changes from baseline were analysed according to valid comple…
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ): run dental management designs and issues in diagnosis
2007
Recently, jawbone osteonecrosis has been largely reported as a potential adverse effect of bisphosphonate (BP) administration. Because of the peculiar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of the BF (mainly for i.v. administration), their efficacy and large use, some major issues have to be taken into account extendedly both by oncologists and by dentists: 1) therapeutic dental protocol for patients with diagnosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ); 2) dental strategies for patients in former or current i.v. BF treatment and in absence of BRONJ signs; 3) strategies for patients before i.v. BF treatment. Clinical features and guidelines for the management of th…
BMP-2 and bFGF release and in vitro effect on human osteoblasts after adsorption to bone grafts and biomaterials.
2012
Objectives Combination of scaffolds and growth factors is a promising option for several clinical problems in bone biomaterials. Simplified growth factor loading by adsorption from aqueous solution is one important option for this technology. We evaluated the adsorption followed by PBS rinsing, release and biological effect of transient loading with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) on fresh frozen bone, processed bone matrix, collagen, and a ceramic material with immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR. Materials and methods The study consisted of three in vitro experiments (immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR…
The influence of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound ('Ossopan') on the healing of a bone defect.
1986
A study was undertaken in 60 adult rabbits in order to determine the effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound on bone healing. Standardized bony defects were produced in the distal femoral epiphyses, after which animals were randomized into four equal groups. An untreated group served as a control. One group received ossein-hydroxyapatite compound, 830 mg per day, a second group received bone mineral (ossein-hydroxyapatite compound reduced to ash, to remove organic constituents), 510 mg per day, and a third group received calcium carbonate, 650 mg per day. A series of fluorescent vital markers was administered to the animals from the 7th to the 32nd day after production of the defect. A th…
Diffusion-weighted MRI of cholesteatomas of the petrous bone
2002
Purpose To investigate if primary cholesteatomas of the petrous bone show high signal in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and methods In this blinded study, we compared 15 patients with clinically certain cases and later surgically proven cholesteatomas vs. 12 patients with clinically acute otitis of the middle ear and 20 volunteers without petrous bone disease. Two blinded readers without knowledge of the clinical data decided in consensus agreement whether there was a pathologic signal increase in the petrous bone in an anisotropic single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) DWI sequence, an artifact, or no signal increase. Results Thirteen of 15 patients with cholesteatomas showed b…