Search results for " CO2."

Badania parametrów jakości powietrza w salach dydaktycznych

2016

Zamieszczono wyniki badań parametrów jakości powietrza w pomieszczeniach dydaktycznych różnej wielkości. W pomieszczeniach, w których realizowany jest proces dydaktyczny z udziałem dużych grup studentów, powinien być zapewniony odpowiedni komfort klimatyczny,na który mają wpływ przede wszystkim: temperatura oraz wilgotność powietrza, jakość fizyczna i biologiczna powietrza, koncentracja CO2. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, iż w pomieszczeniach dydaktycznych nie powinno się stosować wentylacji grawitacyjnej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyznaczono współczynniki emisji CO2 przez studentów umożliwiające określenie parametrów pracy systemu wentylacji gwarantujące zapewnienie j…

Optimization of carbon dioxide concentration in the didactic rooms by the regulation of ventilation

2016

W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań parametrów powietrza w pomieszczeniach dydaktycznych różnej wielkości. W pomieszczeniach, w których realizowany jest proces dydaktyczny z udziałem dużych grup studentów, powinien byæ zapewniony odpowiedni komfort klimatyczny, na który mają wpływ przede wszystkim: temperatura oraz wilgotność powietrza, jakość fizyczna fizyczna i biologiczna powietrza, koncentracja CO2. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, iż w pomieszczeniach dydaktycznych wentylacja grawitacyjna nie powinna być wykorzystywana. Po modernizacji pomieszczeń i zainstalowaniu w systemach wentylacji wentylatorów wyciągowych dokonano pomiarów, na podstawie których wyznaczono współczynniki…

Soil aggregates, organic matter turnover and carbon balance in a Mediterranean eroded vineyard

2014

The carbon cycle is being affected by the human impacts (Novara et al., 2011; Yan-Gui et al., 2013), and one of those is the intensification in the soil erosion in agriculture land (Cerdà et al., 2009; García Orenes et al., 2009). Vineyards also are affected by the human activities (Fernández Calviño, 2012). Vineyards in Sicily are cultivated on 110.000 ha, 10% of which on >10% slope. Deficiencies of soil organic matter are typical of the semi arid Mediterranean environment especially where traditional intensive cropping practices are adopted (Novara et al., 2012; 2013). These practices in vineyards could lead soil to intensive erosion processes (Novara et al., 2011). The fate of SOC under …

Limits to CO2-Neutrality of Burning Wood. (Review)

2016

Abstract Consumption of wood as a source of energy is discussed with respect to efficiency and restraints to ensure sustainability of the environment on the grounds of a simple analytical model describing dynamics of biomass accumulation in forest stands – a particular case of the well-known empirical Richards’ equation. Amounts of wood harvested under conditions of maximum productivity of forest land are presented in units normalised with respect to the maximum of the mean annual increment and used to determine the limits of CO2-neutrality. The ecological “footprint” defined by the area of growing stands necessary to absorb the excess amount of CO2 annually released from burning biomass is…

The Impact of the Spanish Foreign trade on its Real CO2 Emissions

2019

CO2 emissions are a global problem. This means that nothing or very little will change if only particular countries are involved. The aim of this paper is the attempt to show the real CO2 emissions of Spain as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in 2017. This study was conducted on the group of countries that are the major emitters of CO2 in the world including most of the EU members. Countries with negligible CO2 emissions were omitted. Actual CO2 emissions were obtained by applying the actual emission factor. This considers the transfer of CO2 in export products and services as well as those imported by particular countries. The r…

Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Passive and Active Monitoring of Ozone for Forest Protection

2021

At forest sites, phytotoxic tropospheric ozone (O3) can be monitored with continuously operating, active monitors (AM) or passive, cumulative samplers (PM). For the first time, we present evidence that the sustainability of active monitoring is better than that of passive sensors, as the environmental, economic, and social costs are usually lower in the former than in the latter. By using data collected in the field, environmental, social, and economic costs were analyzed. The study considered monitoring sites at three distances from a control station in Italy (30, 400, and 750 km), two forest types (deciduous and Mediterranean evergreen), and three time windows (5, 10, and 20 years of moni…

Energia pulita dagli scarti della produzione vitivinicola

2009

A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano

2010

International audience; A better understanding of degassing processes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes requires collection of new datasets of H2O–CO2–SO2 volcanic gas plume compositions, which acquisition has long been hampered by technical limitations. Here, we use the MultiGAS technique to provide the best-documented record of gas plume discharges from Stromboli volcano to date. We show that Stromboli's gases are dominated by H2O (48–98 mol%; mean, 80%), and by CO2 (2–50 mol%; mean, 17%) and SO2 (0.2–14 mol%; mean, 3%). The significant temporal variability in our dataset reflects the dynamic nature of degassing process during Strombolian activity; which we explore by interpreting our gas m…

A CO2-gas precursor to the March 2015 Villarrica volcano eruption

2017

We present here the first volcanic gas compositional time-series taken prior to a paroxysmal eruption of Villarrica volcano (Chile). Our gas plume observations were obtained using a fully autonomous Multi-component Gas Analyser System (Multi-GAS) in the 3 month-long phase of escalating volcanic activity that culminated into the 3 March 2015 paroxysm, the largest since 1985. Our results demonstrate a temporal evolution of volcanic plume composition, from low CO$_2$/SO$_2$ ratios (0.65-2.7) during November 2014-January 2015 to CO$_2$/SO$_2$ ratios up to ≈ 9 then after. The H$_2$O/CO$_2$ ratio simultaneously declined to <38 in the same temporal interval. We use results of volatile saturatio…

Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar

2017

Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by precursory increases in the volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Unfortunately, the traditional techniques used to measure volcanic CO2 require near-vent, in situ plume measurements that are potentially hazardous for operators and expose instruments to extreme conditions. To overcome these limitations, the project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanoes) received funding from the European Research Council, with the objective to develop a new generation of volcanic gas sensing instruments, including a novel DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) for remote (e.g., distal) …