Search results for " COGNITION"

2020

Abstract In classroom settings, laughter and smiles are resources for action that are available to both teachers and students. Recent interactional studies have documented how students use these resources to deal with trouble of various kind, but less is known about the sequential and activity contexts of teachers’ laughter-relevant practices, as well as their pedagogical functions. We use multimodal conversation analysis (CA) to investigate the interactional unfolding and pedagogical orientations of teacher smiles during instructional IRE (initiation-response-evaluation) sequences in a corpus of 37 bilingual lessons collected in schools in Finland and Spain. In analysing the focal smiles, …

Towards understanding nonmanuality : A semiotic treatment of signers’ head movements

2019

This article discusses a certain type of nonmanual action, signers’ head movements, from a semiotic perspective. It presents a typology of head movements and their iconic, indexical and symbolic features based on Peircean and post-Peircean semiotics. The paper argues for the view that (i) indexical strategies are very prominent in head movements, (ii) iconic features are most evident in enacting, while non-enacting description is less common, (iii) symbolic types for tokens are infrequent, although some movements—such as nodding and shaking the head—may become more conventional or schematized, and (iv) different types of head movements involve different proportions of iconicity, indexicalit…

Soft Prosody and Embodied Attunement in Therapeutic Interaction: A Multimethod Case Study of a Moment of Change

2016

This study focused on a moment of weeping in one psychotherapy case. The overall aim was toexplore the role of “soft prosody” in psychotherapy interaction—that is, the participants’ use ofpauses, a lower volume, slower rhythms, and softer intonation than in the surrounding speech. Amixed-method, micro-analytic perspective was applied to investigate (a) social interaction, includ-ing its verbal and nonverbal elements; (2) the participants’ bodily responses, including autonomicnervous system (ANS) measurements; and (3) the participants’ thoughts and feelings during thetherapy session, as reported in subsequent individual interviews. Soft prosody was observed to be animportant conversational t…

The Relational Mind in Couple Therapy : A Bateson-Inspired View of Human Life as an Embodied Stream

2018

Research on human intersubjectivity has found that humans participate in a dialogue throughout their life, and that this is manifested not only via language, but also nonverbally, with the entire body. Such an understanding of human life has brought into focus some basic systemic ideas concerning the human relational mind. For Gregory Bateson, the mind works as a system, formed from components that are in continuous interaction with each other. In our Relational Mind research project, we followed twelve couple therapy processes involving two therapists per session, looking at the ways in which the four participants attuned to each other with their bodies, including their autonomic nervous s…

‘Drawing’ conclusions : Irish primary school children’s understanding of physical education and physical activity opportunities outside of school

2017

This study explores the relationship between primary school physical education and physical activity as sites for the practice of physical activity of Irish primary school children. Understanding how children make connections between physical activity sites is important in shaping physical education experiences that promote lifelong participation. Children’s (aged 8–11) awareness, knowledge, and understanding of physical activity and physical education were examined using participatory methods of ‘draw and write’ ( n = 135) and focus group interviews ( n = 34). In Phase 1, data collection focused on physical activity, while Phase 2 focused on physical education and connections between phys…

English pronunciation teaching at different educational levels: Insights into teachers’ perceptions and actions

2016

The aim of the present paper is to reflect upon the place of pronunciation in English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching at different educational levels in Poland. To collect the data, an on-line survey was conducted among EFL professionals teaching at primary, lower secondary, and higher secondary schools in Poland. The questions focused on the respondents’ beliefs about pronunciation, teachers’ competences regarding pronunciation and pronunciation teaching, and the pronunciation teaching techniques they use. The results depict the most and least frequently used pronunciation teaching techniques at each of the three educational stages, and the beliefs of EFL teachers in Poland regarding …

Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the developing brain

2019

SUMMARYOmega-3 fatty acids (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the functional maturation of the brain. Westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries is accompanied by a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in epidemiological studies, but the mechanisms by which a n-3 PUFA dietary imbalance affects CNS development are poorly understood. Active microglial engulfment of synaptic elements is an important process for normal brain development and altered synapse refinement is a hallmark of several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identify …

The first COVID-19 lockdown reveals an ambivalent relation of French parents with food pleasure: the struggle to find a balance

2021

International audience; In France, a first COVID-19 lockdown took place from March-May 2020. Using an online survey including three open-ended questions, this study explored parents' experiences regarding changes in their family's eating behaviors during this lockdown. French parents (n = 498, 71% mothers) of young children were invited to describe which food-related changes they (1) perceived as positive during the lockdown, (2) perceived as negative, and (3) would like to maintain after the lockdown. A thematic analysis revealed that parents appreciated the choice of more local, fresh and high-quality foods, the time to prepare foods (homemade dishes, new recipes) and cooking and eating w…

Self-Organized Linguistic Systems: From traditional AI to bottom-up generative processes

2018

Este trabajo busca explorar el potencial de los procesos generativos bottom-up en el contexto de la producción conlang, con el objetivo de describir las bases de un nuevo campo de investigación: los Sistemas Lingüísticos Autoorganizados o SOLS, específicamente bajo la perspectiva doble de sistemas autoorganizados y lenguajes construidos. El enfoque SOLS proporciona un marco para la creación de lenguajes artificiales autogenerados y puede servir como punto de partida para el desarrollo de lenguajes dependientes del contexto o específicos del dominio. Reconoce que el desarrollo de conlangs puede ocurrir en sociedades artificiales de agentes simples, como resultado de interacciones sociales en…

Modelēšanas robežas: ielāpu sega kā vienīgā iespējamā pasaules aina

2014

Referāts Latvijas Universitātes 72.zinātniskajā konferencē 2014.gada 7.februārī.