Search results for " Cellular"
showing 10 items of 384 documents
Evaluation of consistency in spheroid invasion assays
2016
Multicellular tumor spheroids embedded in a matrix represent invaluable tools to analyze cell invasion. Spheroid sizes and invasiveness are the main observables easily measurable to evaluate effects of biological or pharmaceutical manipulations on invasion. They largely account for these 3-D platforms variability, leading to flaws in data interpretation. No method has been established yet that characterizes this variability and guarantees a reliable use of 3-D platforms. Spheroid initial/end sizes and invasiveness were systematically analyzed and compared in spheroids of U87MG cells generated by three different methods and embedded at different times in a collagen matrix. A normality test w…
Molecular Switching, Logics, and Memories
2013
The concepts of molecular switch, molecular logics and memories are intimately related. In this work a review of these three topics is given. While the main examples concern the field of inorganic chemistry, in a few cases organic systems are presented to better illustrate the concepts. The basic notions of the logics gates usually used by the nowadays computers is presented and the modus operandi to transpose these concepts to the molecular level is discussed. Examples of switches driven by external stimuli such as light-induced, metal-ion, redox, photobistable, and complexation–decomplexation are described in this chapter. The extension of switches working in solution to solid devices are…
Drug connectivity mapping and functional analysis reveal therapeutic small molecules that differentially modulate myelination
2022
Disruption or loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin has devastating effects on CNS function and integrity, which occur in diverse neurological disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, there is a need to develop new therapies that promote oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin repair. A promising approach is drug repurposing, but most agents have potentially contrasting biological actions depending on the cellular context and their dose-dependent effects on intracellular pathways. Here, we have used a combined systems biology and neurobiological approach to identify compounds that exert positive and negative effects on olig…
Assessment of morphological and cellular responses after infection with living bacteria in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
2017
Bacterial strains of Vibrio genus associated with temperate regions are linked to mussels-borne infections. The sedentary nature of marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, together with their filter feeding combine to ensure that they have the potential for considerable exposure to infective agents. Bacterial strains of Vibrio genus associated with temperate regions are linked to mussels-borne infections. The sedentary nature of marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, together with their filter feeding combine to ensure that they have the potential for considerable exposure to infective agents. The primary mechanism of bivalve internal defense involves hemocytes responsible for cell-m…
AIF-1 and RNASET2 are involved in the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following Vibrio infection
2022
Filter-feeding bivalves, such as the Mytilus species, are exposed to different types of bacteria in the surrounding waters, in particular of the Vibrio genus. Mussels lack an adaptive immune system and hemocytes can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate intracellular signaling pathways to trigger the antimicrobial effectors synthesis. Among the areas of bivalve immunity that deserve study include the role of hemocyte subpopulations. Since little information are available on immune responses at the tissue level to human pathogenic vibrios commonly detected in coastal waters involved in seafood-borne diseases, in this wor…
Structure and biological evaluation of amino-functionalized PVP nanogels for fast cellular internalization
2013
Abstract Aminopropyl methacrylamide chloride-graft-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogels (NGs) were designed to exploit the favorable properties of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), such as its high affinity to water and complexation ability of ions, molecules and macromolecules, with the availability of primary amino groups for bioconjugation reactions. A thorough structural characterization of the nanoscalar networks was performed via 1 H NMR and solid state 13 C NMR spectroscopies, while solid state NMR relaxation time measurements completed the NGs description in terms of polymer network density. Information on the hydrodynamic size and surface charge densities were sought via dynamic light…
Tubular markers do not predict the decline in glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy.
2011
Recent studies have shown that both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage are important factors in the pathophysiology and progression of diabetic nephropathy. To examine whether markers of tubular damage are useful in monitoring the progression of disease, we measured urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in a 3-year intervention study of 63 type 1 diabetic patients with kidney disease. The baseline mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 87 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin excretion 1141 mg/24 h. Patients with the highest compared with the lowest quartile of urinary N…
Cell expression of GDAP1 in the nervous system and pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease
2007
Abstract Mutations in the mitochondrial protein GDAP1 are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease (CMT4A), a severe form of peripheral neuropathy associated with either demyelinating, axonal or intermediate pheno-types. GDAP1 is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and it seems that may be related with the mitochondrial network dynamics. We are interested to define cell expression in the nervous system and the effect of mutations in mitochondrial morphology and pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated GDAP1 expression in the nervous system and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron cultures. GDAP1 is expressed in motor and sensory neurons of the spinal cord and other large neu…
Neurons as targets for T cells in the nervous system
2013
International audience; Accumulating evidence shows that T cells penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in several autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative neurological diseases. The structural and functional consequences for CNS neurons of their encounter with activated T cells have been investigated in several experimental systems, including ex vivo co-cultures, electrophysiology, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review the modalities of neuron/T cell interactions. We substantiate the contention that T cells are directly responsible for neuronal damage in a large number of neurological diseases and discuss mechanisms of neuronal damage mediated by distinct T cell subsets, the …
Quantum Finite One-Counter Automata
1999
In this paper the notion of quantum finite one-counter automata (QF1CA) is introduced. Introduction of the notion is similar to that of the 2-way quantum finite state automata in [1]. The well-formedness conditions for the automata are specified ensuring unitarity of evolution. A special kind of QF1CA, called simple, that satisfies the well-formedness conditions is introduced. That allows specify rules for constructing such automata more naturally and simpler than in general case. Possible models of language recognition by QF1CA are considered. The recognition of some languages by QF1CA is shown and compared with recognition by probabilistic counterparts.