Search results for " Colitis"

From Immunogenic Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2006

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two most common forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology of IBD is still unclear and should be considered as multi-factorial according to recent studies.1 Genetic factors seem to play a pathogenetic role as well as environmental, infectious and immulogical factors. Substantial progress, however, has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD during the past years persuing the view, that IBD could result from disturbances of the intestinal barrier and a pathologic activation of the intestinal immune response towards luminal, bacterial antigens. This paradigm has led to the identification of key pla…

Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: transcription factors in the spotlight.

1998

See article on page 477 Dysregulated cytokine production by mucosal lymphocytes and macrophages has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).1 Over the past few years, various murine models of chronic intestinal inflammation resembling IBD have been discovered which have provided important clues as to the nature of this dysregulation and to its possible treatment with cytokines.2 Thus, in studies of several of the models most closely resembling Crohn’s disease it has been shown that production of large amounts of Th1-type cytokines—for example, interferon γ, by T cells is a major and ess…

P100 Guanosine prevents nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation ameliorating experimental colitis in rats

2018

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors counteract pro-fibrotic signalling in experimental colitis through modulation of TGF-beta/SMAD network

2013

Aims. Cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1, COX-2) have been implicated in the development of fibrosis at gastrointestinal sites. Under bowel inflammation, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has been identified as the main regulator of fibrotic remodelling. The present study investigated the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on pro-fibrotic signalling mediated by the TGF-beta/SMAD pathway in experimental colitis. Methods. Colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS, 30 mg/rat in 0.25 ml ethanol 50%). After 6 days, systemic [body and spleen weight] and tissue inflammatory parameters [macroscopic and microscopic damage] were assessed. Three days befor…

Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment on patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as one of the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Periodontitis is one of the risk factors for CAD. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were carefully and thoroughly retrieved until October 2021. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligible articles were selected strictly to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Using Cochran's Q statistic, Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16, data were extracted, and a comprehensive analysis was carried out. Six RCTs of 619 patients were included in this study, including 360 in the intervention group (IG) and 259 in the control group (CG). Meta-analysis showed significant diff…

HLA antigens in ulcerative colitis: a study in the Sicilian population

2008

HLA antigens were investigated in 41 Sicilian patients with ulcerative colitis and in 151 healthy controls. Frequencies of HLA-B5 and DR2 were increased in the group of patients with ulcerative colitis whereas the DR3 antigen frequency was decreased. However the corrected p values were not significant. Thus, present results indicate that in ulcerative colitis HLA linked genetic factors play a marginal role, if any.

Recommendations of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on topical therapy in ulcerative colitis

2020

Although most patients with ulcerative colitis should be given topical treatment, different studies have shown that they are underused in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to answer 10 specific questions about which drugs are available for topical use in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and their characteristics in terms of formulation, dosage, presentation, application and proximal distribution of rectal-administered drugs. The efficacy of available topical drugs and the benefits of combining different formulations and routes of administration, and their usefulness during disease remission are evaluated. Finally, a series of recommendations addressed to patients are giv…

Telemedicine Is an Effective Tool to Monitor Disease Activity in IBD Patients in the COVID-19 Era: A Single Centre Experience Based on Objective Data

2022

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has led IBD clinics to adopt a remote monitoring approach in order to guarantee an adequate follow-up of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ensure the rules of social distancing. Aim: The aim of the study was to perform a survey on IBD patients who underwent remote monitoring in our tertiary referral center, to assess adherence, patients’ perceptions and satisfaction, and finally their opinions for future monitoring. Furthermore, we evaluated changes in disease activity and Quality of Life (QoL) using validated questionnaires. Methods: Consecutive patients with IBD scheduled for follow-up visits were switched to remote monitoring throu…

Cyclosporine or infliximab as rescue therapy in severe 2 refractory ulcerative colitis: Early and long-term data 3 from a retrospective observational…

2012

Introduction: About 30–40% of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) fail to respond 23 to intensive intravenous (iv) corticosteroid treatment. Iv cyclosporine and infliximab are an ef- 24 fective rescue therapy in steroid-refractory UC patients but up to now it is still unclear which is Q225 the best therapeutic choice in this setting of patients. 26 Methods: We reviewed our series of severe steroid-refractory colitis admitted consecutively in 27 our referral center since 1994 comparing two historical cohort treated with cyclosporine or 28 infliximab. Iv cyclosporine was administered at the dosage of 2 mg/kg and infliximab at the dos- 29 age of 5 mg/kg. The main outcome was the…

INFLIXIMAB FOR PEDIATRIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS:A RETROSPECTIVE ITALIAN MULTICENTER STUDY

2008

. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Jul;40 Suppl 2:S260-4. Infliximab for pediatric ulcerative colitis: a retrospective Italian multicenter study. Cucchiara S, Romeo E, Viola F, Cottone M, Fontana M, Lombardi G, Rutigliano V, de'Angelis GL, Federici T. Division Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. salvatore.cucchiara@uniroma1.it BACKGROUND: Infliximab (IFX), the chimeric anti TNFalpha antibody, an established treatment for Crohn's disease in adults and in children, is used less frequently in ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM OF THE STUDY: To report the clinical course of pediatric patients with active UC receiving IFX. PATIENTS AND…