Search results for " Competition"
showing 10 items of 819 documents
Factors affecting flavor perception in space: Does the spacecraft environment influence food intake by astronauts?
2020
International audience; The intention to send a crewed mission to Mars involves a huge amount of planning to ensure a safe and successful mission. Providing adequate amounts of food for the crew is a major task, but 20 years of feeding astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have resulted in a good knowledge base. A crucial observation from the ISS is that astronauts typically consume only 80% of their daily calorie requirements when in space. This is despite daily exercise regimes that keep energy usage at very similar levels to those found on Earth. This calorie deficit seems to have little effect on astronauts who spend up to 12 months on the ISS, but given that a mission to …
The circle in the relationship between space and body. Photo-essay based on Isidro Blasco and the BAPNE method
2015
En el presente artículo se muestra un estudio visual sobre el espacio educativo universitario en el que se desarrollan enseñanzas sobre percusión corporal. Como marco metodológico se escoge la Investigación Educativa Basada en las Artes Visuales empleándose la obra de un artista como referente conceptual y metodológico. La investigación queda marcada tanto por la referencia visual a la obra de Isidro Blasco – especialmente con la obra “Shanghai planet 2009”-; como por los paralelismos establecidos entre el objeto de estudio de esta investigación -el análisis espacial- y los focos de interés desvelados por los críticos de arte respecto a la obra de este artista. Mediante un discurso visual f…
A theory of spatial general equilibrium in a fuzzy economy
1984
Let an economic space be characterized by the existence of a given distribution of locations, i.e. consumers' residential locations and producers' plants. It is equipped with a system of prices. The economy is fuzzy because the economic behaviors of agents are imprecise. In this context, spatial partial equilibria theories are applications of a fuzzy economic calculation model. The aim of the present paper is to study the conditions which must be fulfilled in order that the compatibility of consumers' equilibria and producers' equilibria be verified. Mathematical tools are Butnariu's theorems which extend the Brouwer's and Kakutani's theorems to the cases of fuzzy functions and fuzzy point-…
An open path for gender equality in research: When women scientists question the state of science and the institutions embrace the criticism
2016
The institutionalisation of equality policy in science, both at the national and the European scale, should facilitate progress towards equality in a space that wants to consider itself merit (and ability) driven. But discriminatory practices, both conscious and unconscious, direct or indirect, leave women out of many of the positions that they should occupy according to their accomplishments and capabilities. Many scientific institutions and their professionals still do not understand that if gender equality is only formally achieved and actual compliance is not monitored, they will lose part of the talent they are trying to cultivate.
Bilateral Monopoly: A Contribution by Francesco Ferrara
2009
In this paper, we propose an interpretation of the application of "cost of reproduction" of Francesco Ferrara to the exchange between two agents to highlight its relevance for the theory of bilateral monopoly. In the Teoria delle Mercedi (1863), Ferrara gives a numerical example to explain price determination in the exchange between one buyer and one seller. Here, this example is translated into a mathematical model that reproduces the fundamental issues of the neoclassical debate on the indeterminacy of price in the Cournot model (1938), and anticipates the solutions proposed by Edgeworth (1881) at the end of this debate.
Exploring social media network landscape of post-Soviet space
2019
The “post-Soviet space” consists of countries with a substantial fraction of the world’s population; however, unlike many other regions, its social media network landscape is still somewhat under-explored. This paper aims at filling this gap. To this purpose, we use anonymized data on user friendships at VK.com (also known as VKontakte and, informally, as “Russian Facebook”), which is the largest and most popular social media portal in the post-Soviet space with hundreds of millions of user accounts. Using the VK network snapshots from October 2015 to December 2016, we conduct a “multiscale” empirical study of this network by considering conn…
Stackelberg-Walras and Cournot-Walras equilibria in mixed markets: a comparison
2012
In this note, we compare two strategic general equilibrium concepts: the Stackelberg-Walras equilibrium and the Cournot-Walras equilibrium. We thus consider a market exchange economy embodying atoms and a continuum of traders. It is shown that, when the preferences of the small traders are represented by Cobb-Douglas utility functions, the Stackel-berg-Walras and the Cournot-Walras equilibria can coincide only if 1) the endowments and preferences of atoms are identical and 2) the elasticity of the followers’ best response functions are equal to zero in equilibrium.
Varying Definitions of Abundance and Incomplete Assemblages Challenge the Generality of the Interspecific Abundance—Distribution Relationships
2011
Empirical evidence does not fully support the universal nature of the positive interspecific abundance—distribution relationship. We have earlier documented a negative relationship for butterfly species in Finland, but recently our view was again challenged using a small subset of Finnish butterflies as apparent evidence. Here we scrutinize the critique and identify some general conceptual challenges in analyses of interspecific abundance—distribution relationships. We identify the common problem that the abundance—distribution studies include only a small subset of species, and thus reveal only sample characteristics, not overall patterns in complete assemblages. Small subsets of species a…
Consequences of 3,4-dichloroaniline to guppy populations (Poecilia reticulata): computer simulation and experimental validation
1993
Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), which were detected in a life-cycle test with guppies, on the population level, laboratory guppy populations were examined with regard to regulative parameters. Among the endpoints investigated in life-cycle tests, fecundity was shown to be a sensitive parameter. In laboratory guppy populations, however, intraspecific predation on newborn was the main regulator. Based on these data, a computer simulation programme was used to predict the consequences of 3,4-DCA to guppy populations. A population exposure experiment was conducted to validate the simulation results. The effects detected in the life-cycle test (LOEC: 2…
Comparative phylogeography of the Veronica alpina complex in Europe and North America
2006
The Veronica alpina complex comprises eight species of alpine habitats over a wide range of mountain systems in the Northern Hemisphere. The occurrence of sympatric species in the European and North American mountain systems allowed us not only to investigate the effect of the ice ages on intraspecific phylogeographical patterns and genetic diversity in different continents of the Northern Hemisphere, but also to compare these patterns in closely related species. Plastid DNA trnL-F sequences and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprints were used to infer the phylogenetic history of the group and phylogeographical patterns within species. Hybrid origin of tetraploid eastern…