Search results for " Compost"

Thermal analysis applied to the characterization of degradation in soil of polylactide: I. Calorimetric and viscoelastic analyses

2010

[EN] An accelerated soil burial test has been performed on a commercial polylactide (PLA) for simulating non-controlled disposal. Degradation in soil promotes physical and chemical changes in polylactide properties, which can be characterized by Thermal Analysis techniques. Physical changes occurred in polylactide due to the degradation in soil were evaluated by correlating their calorimetric and visco-elastic properties. It is highly remarkable that each calorimetric scan offers specific and enlightening information. Degradation in soil affects the polylactide chains reorganization. A multimodal melting behavior is observed for buried PLA, degradation in soil also promotes the enlarging th…

La coartada de los derechos

2000

Effect of sisal and hydrothermal ageing on the dielectric behaviour of polylactide/sisal biocomposites

2017

[EN] The dielectric properties of virgin polylactide (PLA) and its reinforced composites with different weight amounts of sisal fibres were assessed at broad temperature (from - 130 degrees C to 130 degrees C) and frequency ranges (from 10(-2)-10(7) Hz), before and after being subjected to accelerated hydrothermal ageing. The synergetic effects of both the loading of sisal and hydrothermal ageing were analysed by means of dielectric relaxation spectra. The relaxation time functions were evaluated by the Havriliak-Negami model, substracting the ohmic contribution of conductivity. The intramolecular and intermolecular relaxations were respectively analysed by means of Arrhenius and Vogel-Fulc…

La imagen de la Concha de Oro en los impresos de la Edad Moderna

2020

For centuries, an image commonly associated with Santiago de Compostela (the shell) has accompanied the city of Palermo as well. Since the classical tradition and medieval literature, and then during the Renaissance and Baroque age, this symbol has been connected with other urban symbols (the rivers, the eagle and trhe Genius of Palermo), thus contributing to its historical identity, although in a rather idealistic form. Therefore, the expression «Golden Shell» has been used repeatedly in a large number of books printed during the Modern Age, with multiple meanings. The main purpose was to show those attributes linked with the city's landscape (wealth and beauty) within a specific political…

Introducción

1999

Acute toxicity tests using earthworms to estimate ecological quality of compost and digestate

2017

Ecological quality of compost and digestate, used as fertilizers for agricultural use, was assessed through an acute ecotoxicological bioassay testing the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida). The test evaluates the earthworm’s attitude to dig within 15 min into a soil medium constituted by a mixture of a standardized soil and different concentrations of compost/digestate. According to different classes of behavior responses, the sample is classified as good or bad quality (ON/OFF). The validity of this test was confirmed comparing the observations with the results from a standard chronic test developed by OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Considering samples fro…

Resistance of Conifer Needle Polyolefin Composites (CNPCs) Against Biodecomposition Caused by Fungi

2017

This study describes the resistance of composites filled with conifer needles to biodecomposition processes caused by a single strain of Aspergillus niger as well as by a consortium of microorganisms present in the compost substrates (forest or spent mushroom composts). The impact of various types of conifer needles on the growth of A. niger was studied to determine whether the filler can show the fungistatic effect. The changes in chemical composition of the composites surfaces were examined using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR). The results showed that the fungistatic effects of conifer needles polyolefin composites (CNPCs) were associated w…

Windrow composting of source separated kitchen biowastes in Finland

2000

All households in the City of Jyväskylä have been required to source-separate their wastes since June 1996. The accumulation of kitchen biowaste was about 60 kg per resident in 1997, with an efficiency of more than 75%. The residents of almost 50% of the detached houses in the city opted for small-scale composting. Ensuing kitchen biowaste was surprisingly pure: the estimated content of non-compostable material was less than 0.1 % by weight. The biowastes were composted at the Mustankorkea waste station in open windrows. Adequate aeration of the windrows was guaranteed when the initial height of the windrow was less than 1.5 m and the blending ratio for biowaste and bulking agent was one t…

Degradation of Plasticised Poly(lactide) Composites with Nanofibrillated Cellulose in Different Hydrothermal Environments

2022

AbstractIn this study, bionanocomposite films based on poly(lactide) (PLA) plasticised with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (7.5 wt%) and reinforced with various contents of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) (1, 3, 5 wt%) were prepared. The hydrothermal degradation was investigated through immersion in several aqueous environments at temperatures of 8, 23, 58, and 70 °C as a function of time (7, 15, 30, 60, 90 days). The effect of water immersion on the physicochemical properties of the materials was assessed by monitoring the changes in the morphology, thermo-oxidative stability, thermal properties, and molar mass through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric an…

Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutr…

2018

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-co…