Search results for " Conflict"

Can evolution of sexual dimorphism be triggered by developmental temperatures?

2012

Genetic prerequisites for the evolution of sexual dimorphism, sex-specific heritabilities and low or negative genetic correlations between homologous traits in males and females are rarely found. However, sexual dimorphism is evolving rapidly following environmental change, suggesting that sexual dimorphism and its genetic background could be environmentally sensitive. Yet few studies have explored the sensitivity of the genetic background of sexual dimorphism on environmental variation. In this study, on Drosophila melanogaster, we used a large nested full-sib–half-sib breeding design where families were split into four different developmental temperatures: two constant temperature treatme…

Sexual Selection Within the Female Genitalia in Lepidoptera

2015

The genitalia of male and female Lepidoptera are complex organs, composed of several structures that exhibit great diversity of shapes, sizes, and positions, suggesting that they have evolved in a relatively rapid and divergent way. In this chapter, we explore the selective pressures responsible for the evolution of genital morphology in the Lepidoptera , emphasizing the possible role of post-copulatory intersexual selection (PCIS) mechanisms (cryptic female choice and sexual conflict). Our exploration is in great extent speculative because knowledge on the functional morphology of genitalia in this group is limited. We start by describing the complexity and diversity of genitalia in Lepido…

Erratum: Transcriptomes of parents identify parenting strategies and sexual conflict in a subsocial beetle

2016

Parenting in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides is complex and, unusually, the sex and number of parents that can be present is flexible. Such flexibility is expected to involve specialized behaviour by the two sexes under biparental conditions. Here, we show that offspring fare equally well regardless of the sex or number of parents present. Comparing transcriptomes, we find a largely overlapping set of differentially expressed genes in both uniparental and biparental females and in uniparental males including vitellogenin, associated with reproduction, and takeout, influencing sex-specific mating and feeding behaviour. Gene expression in biparental males is similar to that in non…

The ecology of sexual conflict: behaviorally plastic responses to temperature variation in the social environment can drastically modulate male harm …

2018

AbstractSexual conflict is a fundamental driver of male/female adaptations, an engine of biodiversity, and a crucial determinant of population viability. For example, sexual conflict frequently leads to behavioural adaptations that allow males to displace their rivals, but in doing so harm those same females they are competing to access. Sexual conflict via male harm hence not only deviates females from their fitness optimum, but can decrease population viability and facilitate extinction. Despite this prominent role, we are far from understanding what factors modulate the intensity of sexual conflict, and particularly the role of ecology in mediating underlying behavioural adaptations. In …

The Dynamic Effect of Social and Political Instability on Output: The Role of Reforms

2013

Rational-experiential thinking style and rational intergroup cooperation: the moderating role of intergroup conflict / Estilos de pensamiento raciona…

2016

AbstractCooperative relationships between groups are difficult because of the high human capability to differentiate between in-group vs. out-group members. This obstacle exists even when the groups can obtain benefits for themselves from cooperation with other groups (rational cooperation). Based on an interactionist approach, the authors propose that personal (individual differences) and situational (conflicts) factors contribute to rational intergroup cooperation. The authors conducted a preliminary correlational study (Study 1) and an experimental investigation (Study 2). In Study 1, the authors examined, with 105 participants, the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the R…

A study of minorities as victims

2006

This article presents the idea that during the 1990s an important change took place in relation between minorities and majorities: the emergence of minorities as victims alongside the formerly predominant active, militant minorities. A hypothesis is raised that these two types of minorities differ in their agenda as well as in the nature of the influence they exert. Active minorities trigger an external conflict with majority and induce conversion (latent rather than overt influence); minorities as victims create an internal conflict, a sense of guilt, within the majority, while they exert an exclusively overt influence. We report two experiments confirming our hypothesis. We discuss the no…

Comment évaluer et mesurer la conflictualité liée aux usages de l'espace ? Eléments de méthode et de repérage

2010

Cet article a pour objet de présenter le travail réalisé depuis quelques années par une équipe pluridisciplinaire sur la question des conflits d’usage de l’espace et de révéler la méthodologie d’enquête et de collecte de données, ainsi que la structure de la base de données qui en est issue. Dans un premier temps nous procédons à une définition du champ des investigations, en donnant une définition de ces conflits, de leurs caractéristiques, des mobiles et des manifestations de la conflictualité, ainsi que des acteurs impliqués (I). Nous exposons ensuite notre méthode de repérage des conflits, fondée sur un diagnostic de zone et la mise en commun de différentes méthodes de recueil de donnée…

Seeking revenge or seeking reconciliation? How concern for social-image and felt shame helps explain responses in reciprocal intergroup conflict

2017

Mediazione e convivenza: cura delle relazioni nel Quartiere Vista Alegre di Castelldefells

2015

L’implementazione del progetto di sviluppo “Piano Quartiere della Città di Castelldefels” – intervento di ristrutturazione urbana e riqualificazione delle aree di edilizia popolare realizzato dal Municipio di Castelldefels (Catalogna) negli anni 2011/13 – è stato accompagnato da un intervento di comunità realizzato dall’impresa sociale Mediacion Y Convivencia, su mandato dello stesso Municipio. Un primo bilancio dell’esperienza mostra come la mediazione sia particolarmente efficace in materia di convivenza. Per trasformare la convivenza in un nuovo scenario favorevole per tutti è indispensabile, infatti, un approccio che trascenda la mera contesa e la stessa risoluzione dei conflitti (spess…